In Japan, as the number of sewerage management facilities increases, continuous maintenance drainage pipes and sewage is considered important. However, it grinding for operators to perform expansive in-pipe inspection. Therefore, in recent years, inspections using stand-alone type piping inspection robots have been actively used. Inside pipe, there are disturbances such unevenness, sludge, or d...

quality of life is now considered an important health outcome and in many types of research measuring quality of life is an integral part of the assessment of health interventions. this article focuses on the differences that exist between the numerous definitions of quality of life and the instruments developed for its measurement.

Research has proliferated on sexual addiction in recent years, and this has led to an increase in the instruments created to measure this construct. The authors review 17 instruments that have been created to assess sexual addiction, including self-report rating scales, self-report checklists, and clinician rating scales measuring symptoms of sexual addiction, as well as self-report rating scal...