this survey-study carried out among 360 randomly selected farmers living in drought-prone areas of fars province, iran, set out to investigate the perceptions and psychologi-cal coping strategies of farmers when facing drought. results showed that farmers per-ceived drought as a threat to all of their resources (material, conditions, personal, social and energies) and used emotion-focused and r...

The activities in a language course can be classified into the four strands of meaning-focused input, meaning-focused output, language-focused learning and fluency development. In a well designed course there should be an even balance of these strands with roughly equal amounts of time given to each strand. The research evidence for the strands draws on the input hypothesis and learning from ex...

Meaning is a marvellous and dreadful matter, as it is neither totally intelligible nor totally unintelligible. It cannot be considered as an univocal, closed and fixed entity, atomic in nature, universally shared and invariable in time. Rather, meaning has a complex design, composed by different facets: a referential, an inferential, and a differential one. This standpoint, which overcomes the ...

This article describes a new model for urban planning in ancient and preindustrial cities that moves beyond the traditional simplistic dichotomy of planned versus organic cities. The model has two components: coordination of buildings and spaces, and standardization among cities. A variety of coordinated arrangements of buildings reflect urban planning, including simple coordination, formality ...

An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has to possess three abilities to function autonomously. The three abilities are localization, mapping and path planning. Path planning guides the UAV to find a feasible path, meaning a path that meets safety, kinematic and optimization constrains. In order to intercept a moving target, dynamic path planning must be used due to target movement. To produce a feas...

This paper articulates a perspective on learning to discuss ways in which students develop personal sense and negotiate meaning in a middle school algebra context. Building on a sociocultural perspective that incorporates mental objects, learning is described as a mutually dependent process involving personal sense making and the public negotiation of meaning. Analysis of student problem solvin...