– A theoretical formula for the probability density function (PDF) of velocity derivatives in a fully developed turbulent flow is derived with the multifractal aspect based on the generalized measures of entropy, i.e., the extensive Rényi entropy or the non-extensive Tsallis entropy, and is used, successfully, to analyze the PDF’s observed in the direct numerical simulation (DNS) conducted by G...

We study precise calculation of neutralino relic density in the minimal supergravity model. We compare the exact formula for the thermal average of the neutralino annihilation cross section times relative velocity with the expansion formula in terms of the temperature, including all the contributions to neutralino annihilation cross section analytically. We confirm that the expansion formula fa...

In this study, a white light particle image velocimetry (WL PIV) system which employs a light sheet generated with a flash was used. The system was developed in order to provide a cost-efficient and safe alternative to laser systems while keeping the accuracy limits required for hydraulic model tests. To investigate the accuracy of WL PIV method under different flow conditions, experiments were...

A closed set of exact equations describing statistical theory of turbulent self-diffusion by multivariate-normal turbulent velocity field is derived. In doing so, we first suggest exact formulas for correlations 〈fi(p)fj(p ′)R[f ]〉, 〈g(p)R[f ]〉 and 〈g(p)fj(p ′)R[f ]〉 when the functional R[f ] is functional of functions fi’s having multivariate-normal distribution, g and fi’s have joint normal d...

We report and characterize anomalous orbital-energy changes observed during six Earth flybys by the Galileo, NEAR, Cassini, Rosetta, and MESSENGER spacecraft. These anomalous energy changes are consistent with an empirical prediction formula which is proportional to the total orbital energy per unit mass and which involves the incoming and outgoing geocentric latitudes of the asymptotic spacecr...

The simplest water diversion method in irrigation systems is using intakes. Measuring the mean velocity is one of the essential hydraulic parameters in increasing the efficiency of the intake. In this study, the mean velocity was predicted for different width ratios of an intake using ANN-MLP neural network model. In order to do that, the flow field within a 90-degree intake was first simulated...

In order to create more comfortable and energy saving living spaces, we have to investigate what is comfortable and how to measure comfort of users in a living space. Some measures of thermal comfort have been defined as Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) as an international standard. However, complex and high cost equipments are required to measure PMV by con...

Standardization of Carotid Ultrasound To the Editor: The article by Ranke et al1 in the February issue of Stroke represents an excellent advancement in Doppler grading of carotid artery stenosis. Since many surgeons now depend on Doppler ultrasound for decisions for carotid endarterectomy because of the costs and dangers of angiography and the cost and resolution problems of magnetic resonance ...

The blowup phenomenon of solutions is investigated for the initial-boundary value problem (IBVP) of the N-dimensional Euler equations with spherical symmetry. We first show that there are only trivial solutions when the velocity is of the form c(t)|x| (α-1) x + b(t)(x/|x|) for any value of α ≠ 1 or any positive integer N ≠ 1. Then, we show that blowup phenomenon occurs when α = N = 1 and [Formu...

In this paper, we describe a Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift (CAMshift) algorithm with a Kalman filter. A CAMshift algorithm does not consider an object’s direction vectors and velocity. In addition, sometimes, CAMshift loses the tracked object when the color of the background is similar to that of the object. However, using a Kalman filter with the CAMshift algorithm can overcome these disadv...