abstract: numerical weather forecasting models are used for forecasting and dynamic conditions analysis of atmosphere phenomena in recent years. this research investigates dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in heavier precipitation events in different synoptic patterns in the southern coasts of caspian sea using wrf model. database precipitation events were formed. super heavy and heavy preci...

At the beginning of their offshore migration, hatchling sea turtles enter the ocean at night and establish a course away from land by swimming directly into oceanic waves. How turtles can detect wave direction while swimming under water in darkness, however, has not been explained. Objects in a water column beneath the surface of the ocean describe a circular movement as waves pass above. In pr...

Using satellite altimetry derived mean sea level (MSL), geopotential coefficients in terms of ellipsoidal harmonics from recent satellite gravimetry missions, gravity potential values over a grid consisting of 33,486 points at global sea areas are computed and the mean value of the gravity potential at MSL is calculated as a new geoid’s potential value. In this way we have exactly followed the ...

The mean sea surface height across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has been reconstructed from height variability measured by the Geosat altimeter without assuming prior knowledge of the geoid. For this study, an automated technique has been developed to estimate mean sea surface height for each satellite ground track using a meandering Gaussian jet model, and errors have been estimated using...

Gonabad located at Khorasan Razavi and coordinates 580 30’ N 34o 35’ E. The highest point of the zone belongs to Peak of Siah Mountain (height of 2,863 meters above sea level) and the lowest place has height of 810 meters above sea level, which is located in North West in salt desert. The mean temperature of the warmest and coldest of year is 29.3 and 3.9 respectively. Mor...