In vitro microelectrode array (MEA) technology has evolved into a widely used and effective methodology to study cultured neural networks. An MEA forms a unique electrical interface with the cultured neurons in that neurons are directly grown on top of the electrode (neuron-on-electrode configuration). Theoretical models and experimental results suggest that physical configuration and biologica...

Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) technologies, we have developed silicon wafer-based platinum microelectrode arrays (MEAs) modified with glutamate oxidase (GluOx) for electroenzymatic detection of glutamate in vivo. These MEAs were designed to have optimal spatial resolution for in vivo recordings. Selective detection of glutamate in the presence of the electroactive interferents, ...

We propose a new data analyzing scheme, the method of minimum entropy analysis (MEA), in this paper. New MEA provides a quantitative criterion to select relevant variables for modeling the physical system interested. Such method can be easily extended to various geophysical/geological data analysis, where many relevant or irrelevant available measurements may obscure the understanding of the hi...

Intracranial EEG information used for epilepsy surgery has been provided from large widely spaced electrodes over a narrow bandwidth. However, over the last decades, research on animal and more recently on human, promoted by increased interest in developing high-density microelectrode arrays (MEA), has opened new windows for the comprehension of seizure origin and propagation at a submillimeter...

We report the application of individually addressable microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to study the heterogeneity of cell exocytosis at the subcellular level. Multiple subcellular-size electrodes are covered by a single PC12 cell for the investigation of subcellular exocytosis. PC12 cells have been seeded and cultured on top of three kinds of MEAs containing 16, 25, or 36 square microelectrodes (4 ...

The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of blended amine absorbents in improving CO2 alkanolamine-based absorption multicycle integrated absorption–mineralization (multicycle IAM) under standard operating conditions (20–25 °C and 1 atm). Multicycle IAM is a promising approach that transforms emissions into valuable products such as carbonates using solvents waste brine. Previousl...

Microelectrode array (MEA) technology is a widely used platform for the study of in vitro neural networks as it can either record or stimulate neurons by accessing multiple sites of neural circuits simultaneously. Unlike intracellular recording techniques, MEAs form noninvasive interface with cells so that they provides relatively long time window for studying neural circuits. As the technology...

The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a critical integrative site for male copulatory behavior in most vertebrate species. Extracellular dopamine (DA) is increased in the MPOA of male rats immediately before and during copulation. DA agonists microinjected into the MPOA of male rats facilitate and DA antagonists inhibit sexual behavior. A major source of input to the MPOA is the medial amygdala (M...

Odour information induces various innate responses that are critical to the survival of the individual and for the species. An axon guidance molecule, Neuropilin 2 (Nrp2), is known to mediate targeting of olfactory sensory neurons (primary neurons), to the posteroventral main olfactory bulb (PV MOB) in mice. Here we report that Nrp2-positive (Nrp2+) mitral cells (MCs, second-order neurons) play...

The neural control of social behaviors in rodents requires the encoding of pheromonal cues by the vomeronasal system. Here we show that the typical preference of male mice for females is eliminated in mutants lacking oxytocin, a neuropeptide modulating social behaviors in many species. Ablation of the oxytocin receptor in aromatase-expressing neurons of the medial amygdala (MeA) fully recapitul...