Introduction: Thyroid cancer is at the ninth from ten of common malignant cancer. A man has higher risk to get Thyroid cancer that a woman has. This organ is lain near human neck. The use of radioactive I-131, I-123 and Tc-99m for diagnosis of thyroid cancer has a risk where other organs around Thyroid will accept dose of radiation. One of the risks is large dose which is accep...

Heat conduction [1] is usually modeled as a diffusion process embodied in heat conduction equation. The traditional numerical methods [2, 3] for heat conduction problems such as the finite difference or finite element are well developed. However, these methods are based on discretized mesh systems, thus they are inherently limited in the geometry treatment. This chapter describes the Monte Carl...

The verification and validation (V&V) of the Serpent 2 Monte Carlo code for 3-D reactor dosimetry applications is being carried out at VTT. Two code-to-code computational benchmark cases were calculated by MCNP 2. efficiency different variance reduction techniques was appraised. part currently includes two experimental benchmarks from SINBAD database: Pool Critical Assembly-Pressure Vessel ...

Article history: Received 8 October 2008 Received in revised form 19 November 2008 Accepted 19 November 2008 Available online 12 January 2009 0306-4549/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2008.11.023 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 734 615 7830; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (S.D. Clarke). Active photon interrogation systems may be employed to detect high-Z i...

The dose calculation accuracy of a commercial pencil beam IMRT planning system is evaluated by comparison with Monte Carlo calculations and measurements in an anthropomorphic phantom. The target volume is in the right lung and mediastinum and thus significant tissue inhomogeneities are present. The Monte Carlo code is an adaptation of the MCNP code and the measurements were made with TLD and fi...

BACKGROUND Treatment of choroidal melanoma with radiation often involves placement of customized brachytherapy eye-plaques. However, the dosimetric properties inherent in source-based radiotherapy preclude facile dose optimization to critical ocular structures. Consequently, we have constructed a novel system for utilizing small beam low-energy radiation delivery, the Beamlet Low-kVp X-ray, or ...