Abstract Membrane Computing (MC) is defined as one of the main areas in computer sciences; MC has aim discovering novel computational models from studying biological cells, specifically cellular membranes. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) cascade was subject research modeling and simulation. Various software tools such Performance Evaluation Process Algebra (PEPA) have been used to solv...

Instructors can use both “multiple-choice” (MC) and “constructed response” (CR) questions (such as short answer, essay, or problem-solving questions) to evaluate student understanding of course materials and principles. This article begins by discussing the advantages and concerns of using these alternate test formats and reviews the studies conducted to test the hypothesis (or perhaps better d...

In this study, comparative performance analyzes of single carrier (SC) and multi (MC) visible light communication (VLC) schemes in underwater optical channel environments are performed. Computer simulation studies carried out to compare SC MC VLC systems LOS N-LOS based on bit error rate (BER) success benchmark. From the acquired outcomes, it is perceived that SC-VLC system has approximately 8 ...

The Monte Carlo (MC) method for simulation of semi-classical transport in semiconductors evolved for more than three decades to meet the challenges in the research and development of new semiconductor devices. The main MC algorithms used to date were initially devised from merely physical considerations, viewing the method as a direct emulation of the elementary events underlying the transport ...

In this paper, we consider the effect of impulsive noise on the performance of multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems and analyze the performance by examining the MC-CDMA system model in time domain. We have discovered that conventional Walsh-code based MC-CDMA is less robust to the presence of impulsive noise than the corresponding direct sequence (DS) CDMA and multicarri...

Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MCCDMA) is a modulation scheme that combines the advantages of OFDM and CDMA to provide robustness against frequency selectivity in wireless channels. Arrayed MC-CDMA systems combine MC-CDMA and antenna array technology to harness the spatial and temporal ’signatures’ of received signals, thus making it possible to realize high transmission rates env...

Escalating demand of higher data rate in progressive generations for wireless environment involve work towards modification of modulation schemes over air interface. Beginning from TDMA/FDMA/CDMA based 2nd generation to highly complicated Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) and Multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) which are gaining attention for 4G networks. ...

Multi carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), a strong contender for future mobile communication is a combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and code division multiple access (CDMA). Turbo coding technique can be used for improving the performance of MC-CDMA system in terms of bit error rate (BER). The objective of this work is to form a coding scheme that red...

serum albumin is the most aboundant protein in blood plasma. its two major roles aremaintaining osmotic pressure and depositing and transporting compounds. in this paper,albumin-methanol solution simulation is carried out by three techniques including montecarlo (mc), molecular dynamic (md) and langevin dynamic (ld) simulations. byinvestigating energy changes by time and temperature (between 27...

Tumor vascular patterns of advanced breast cancers are complex and heterogeneous. Near infrared (NIR) optical tomography has great potential to image tumor vascular and hypoxia patterns. The simulation of NIR diffusion in turbid tissue is indispensable to accelerate the practice in clinic. In this article, the two popular simulation methods, Finite element (FEM) and Monte Carlo (MC), are compar...