Submesoscale filaments are a well-documented feature of oceanic flow fields. Based on the analysis high-resolution 3D numerical simulations, field observations, and remote sensing imagery, this study, carried out in Lake Geneva, Western Europe's largest lake, provides for first time evidence that submesoscale also exist lake. Field observations confirm submesoscale, cold-water formed at edges c...

[1] A numerical model is used to investigate the time and space extent of the near‐surface temperature maximum (NSTM) of the Canadian Basin of the Arctic Ocean over the years 2000–2009. The NSTM is formed from local summertime absorption of solar radiation which, in some circumstances, descends through the fall and early winter to form a warm subsurface layer just below the winter mixed layer. ...

[1] Eastern Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) and mean equatorial Pacific thermocline depth are key variables in El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A linear fit to observations leads to a remarkably simple picture: ENSO can be represented by a classical damped oscillator, with SST and thermocline depth playing the roles of momentum and position, respectively. An independent fit of observe...

Several errors in the original publication of this article are noted. It has been corrected in this erratum. Theorem 4.2 In the proof of Theorem 4.2, the computation of F(63,4·63+4;[0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14]) 10321920 is incorrect. We exchange “Let D′′ be a self-orthogonal . . . (page 535, line 5 up)” to Let D′′ be a self-orthogonal 8-(24m, 4m + 4, λ8) design, where λ8 = (5m−2 m−1 ) (4m−1)(4m−2)(4m−3...

Mooring measurements at 0 ø, 165øE, for the period November 1988 to August 1991 indicate that surface layer structure was characterized by two distinct climatic regimes associated with dramatic differences in large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions. La Nifia conditions existed from November 1988 to November 1989, during which time the easterly trades were strong, Ekman divergence and upw...

The vertical movements of one Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas were monitored for 3 days in August 2004 using a depth-temperature micro data logger. The logger was recovered using an innovative time-scheduled release system and located by searching for VHF radio signals. The logger was found approximately 2.2 km away from the release point and provided (n=705,128) depth and temperature ...

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That El Nino is aperiodic is seen, for example, in a nino3 time series (Fig. 26). The ENSO delayed oscillator mechanism may result in either self-sustained oscillations, or in a steady state solution that has a damped oscillatory mode. In the later case, oscillations may be excited by external stochastic (weather) noise. In the scenario in which ENSO is self-sustained, it may be irregular due t...