The large amount of computation necessary for obtaining time optimal solution for moving a manipulator on specified path has made it impossible to introduce an on line time optimal control algorithm. Most of this computational burden is due to calculation of switching points. In this paper a learning algorithm is proposed for finding the switching points. The method, which can be used for both ...

This study aimed to examine the relationships between muscle power output using the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) and eccentric maximum strength under elbow flexion. Eighteen young adult males pulled up a constant light load (2 kg) by ballistic elbow flexion under the following two preliminary conditions: 1) the static relaxed muscle state (SR condition), and 2) using the SSC with countermovem...

The postnatal rate of head growth in 63 infants of less than 34 weeks' gestation was examined retrospectively, together with that of 7 other infants of between 34 and 40 weeks' gestation who had severe respiratory illnesses. From the serial measurements of head circumference the timing of maximum velocity of postnatal head growth was examined and related to the infant's gestational age, nutriti...

Ageing is marked by physical decline. Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable model for identifying genetic regulatory mechanisms of ageing and longevity. Here we report a simple method to assess C. elegans' maximum physical ability based on the worms' maximum movement velocity. We show maximum velocity declines with age, correlates well with longevity, accurately reports movement ability and, if ...

purpose: to compare ophthalmic artery velocity in eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (naion) with that of normal fellow eyes. methods: in this case-control study, 20 patients with unilateral naion and disease onset less than 8 weeks, were enrolled. using color doppler imaging, mean, maximum systolic and end diastolic ophthalmic artery velocities were evaluated. the result...

In this paper, free convection flow and heat transfer of nanofluids of differently-shaped nano-sized particles over a vertical plate at very low and high Prandtl numbers are analyzed.  The governing systems of nonlinear partial differential equations of the flow and heat transfer processes are converted to systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equation through similarity transformations. T...