the telecom services have been recognized the world-over as an important tool for socioeconomic development for a nation and hence telecom infrastructure is treated as a crucial factor to realize the socio-economic objectives in india. accordingly, the department of telecom has been formulating developmental policies for the accelerated growth of the telecommunication services.  bsnl is a wholl...

We show that every planar, 4-connected, K2,5-minor-free graph is the square of a cycle of even length at least six.

The extraconnectivity ~,-(n) of a simple connected graph G is a kind of conditional connectivity which is the minimum cardinality of a set of vertices, if any, whose deletion disconnects G in such a way that every remaining component has more than n vertices. The usual connectivity and superconnectivity of G correspond to K(0) and 1<(1), respectively. This paper gives sufficient conditions, rel...

We measured the attenuation of signal strength for Telosclass motes between 25 °C to 65 °C, with a maximum loss of 8 dB at 65 °C. A linear model for the combined reduction of the transmit power and receiver sensitivity is presented, which suggests significant impact on the transmission range and network services. Path loss and link budget analysis indicate a communication range reduction of up ...

Many papers on the fully connected cubic networks have been published for the past several years due to its favorite properties. In this paper, we consider the fault-tolerant hamiltonian connectivity and fault-tolerant hamiltonicity of the fully connected cubic network. We use FCCNn to denote the fully connected cubic network of level n. Let G = (V, E) be a graph. The fault-tolerant hamiltonian...

We define an uncovering-by-bases for a connected graph G to be a collection U of spanning trees for G such that any t-subset of edges of G is disjoint from at least one tree in U , where t is some integer strictly less than the edge connectivity of G. We construct examples of these for some infinite families of graphs. We then characterize maximum spanning tree-packable graphs, i.e. those graph...

Sensor is an important part of an automatic system. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a system consisting of large number of Sensor Nodes (SNs) geographically distributed in the region to be monitored. Placement of SNs in the region to be monitored is the major factor that determines the life, coverage area and connectivity of WSN. Because of the limited sensing range of SN, most of the events c...

Methods Partial sequences (c. 1400 bp) from the mitochondrial cytochrome b, 16S rDNA and COI genes were obtained from representative samples of the five species. Phylogenetic inference was carried out with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. Parsimony networks were constructed for the Bermudian species Typhlatya iliffei and one Yucatan species Typhlatya mitchelli, to determine th...