background and objective: to assess the incidence and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit for more than 6 hrs. methods: we prospectively collected medical records of children between 1 month and 18 years old admit-ted to our 10 bed picu of a tertiary care university hospital between december 1, 2014 and may 30, 2015. de-mographic...

background: several environmental and psychosocial risk factors are known for adolescent smoking as the single cause of preventable diseases and premature death. this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, socio-demographic factors associated with cigarette smoking (age, education level, parents’ job, and family’s socioeconomic statues), and the role of fa...

background: venous diseases including varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency are one of the most important pathogenic factors worldwide. high prevalence of varicose veins and its complications is an emerging problem in the twenty-first century. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of varicose veins in female hairdressers in shahroud, north of iran in...

purpose: to determine the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (rop) and to evaluate the possible neonatal risk factors for rop among premature infants referred to farabi eye hospital during 2000-2002. methods: newborn infants with gestational age (ga) £ 37 wk or birth weight (bw) £ 2500 g were included. the first eye examination was performed 4-9 weeks after birth. data on possible risk fac...

background: the present study was designed to determine the risk factors that lead to bango abuse among secondary school student and drivers in assiut province. subjects and method: urine samples were taken from 1000 volunteers after filling a questionnaire, 500 students from different secondary schools and 500 drivers in assiut province. the risk factors that lead to bango abuse among drivers ...

BACKGROUND Abnormal premorbid lung function is a risk factor for subsequent wheezing in children with one or no atopic parent. This study was undertaken to establish whether early lung function in high risk infants (both parents atopic) was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms in infancy and to examine the influence of maternal asthma, smoking, and allergen exposure during pregnancy on any as...

BACKGROUND Few studies on cluster-based synthetic effects of multiple risk factors for birth defects have been reported. The present study aimed to identify maternal exposure clusters, explore the association between clusters of risk factors and birth defects, and further screen women with high risk for birth defects among expectant mothers. METHODS Data were drawn from a large-scale, retrosp...

background: the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) is thought to be involved in the development of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nscl/p). however, conflicting results have been obtained when evaluating the association between maternal mthfr c677t and a1298c polymorphisms and the risk of nscl/p. in light of this gap, a meta-analysis of all eligible case-control st...

Obesity is an established risk factor for stillbirth, however the reason for this is not known. There are several possible mechanisms which have not previously been investigated, such as maternal and fetal hypoxia from adverse maternal sleep position or sleep disordered breathing (SDB). We hypothesised: 1. that obesity is an independent risk factor for stillbirth, 2. that after adjustment for e...

BACKGROUND Children of alcoholics are significantly more likely to experience high-risk environmental exposures, including prenatal substance exposure, and are more likely to exhibit externalizing problems [e.g. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)]. While there is evidence that genetic influences and prenatal nicotine and/or alcohol exposure play separate roles in determining risk o...