Mass wasting, as one of the most significant geomorphological processes, contributes immensely to planetary landscape evolution. The frequency and diversity mass wasting features on any body also put engineering constraints its robotic exploration. other Solar System bodies shares similar, although not identical, morphological characteristics with terrestrial counterpart, indicating a possible ...

Strategies to contain the spread of disease often are developed with incomplete knowledge of the possible outcomes but are intended to minimize the risks associated with delaying control. Culling of game species by government agencies is one approach to control disease in wild populations but is unpopular with hunters and wildlife enthusiasts, politically unpalatable, and erodes public support ...

The influence of cancer cachexia and chemotherapy and subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle protein mass and turnover was investigated in mice. Cancer cachexia was induced using colon 26 adenocarcinoma, which is characteristic of the human condition, and can be cured with 100% efficacy using an experimental nitrosourea, cystemustine (C(6)H(12)CIN(3)O(4)S). Reduced food intake was not a factor ...

BACKGROUND: Cachexia, also known as muscle wasting, is a complex metabolic condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle and a decline in physical function. Muscle wasting is associated with cancer, sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, end-stage renal disease, and other chronic conditions and results in significant morbidity and mortality. GTx-024 (enobosarm) is a nonsteroida...

The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COPD are not restricted to pulmonary inflammation and structural remodeling. Rather, this disorder is associated with clinically significant systemic alterations in biochemistry and organ function. The systemic aspects of COPD include oxidative stress and altered circulating levels of inflammatory mediators and acute-phase proteins. Indeed, an imp...

Our “take-make-dispose” culture generates more than 2 billion tons of solid waste annually and is transforming the global landscape. This mountain harming human health, damaging environment, contributing to climate change. Under a business-as-usual scenario, volume will likely double by 2050. Waste management failing. There an urgent need refocus efforts from end-of-life circular mindset where ...

We consider the problem of estimating the basic reproduction number R0 from data on prevalence dynamics at the beginning of a disease outbreak. We derive discrete and continuous time models, some coefficients of which are to be fitted from data. We show that prevalence of the disease is sufficient to determine R0. We apply this method to chronic wasting disease spread in Alberta determining a r...

BACKGROUND The emergence and continuing spread of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in cervids has now reached 14 U.S. states, two Canadian provinces, and South Korea, producing a potential for transmission of CWD prions to humans and other animals globally. In 2005, CWD spread for the first time from the Midwest to more densely populated regions of the East Coast. As a result, a large cohort of in...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the only known prion disease affecting free-ranging animals and has become a serious epidemic in North America. Although any case was reported from Europe, the spread of the disease to other continents and regions cannot be excluded, because the transmission of CWD is the most efficient among prion diseases. This article reviews the host range of CWD including e...