Investigate a method for combining two dispersed-dot halftoning masks for two colors that generalizes the traditional angular displacement used with clustered-dot halftone screens. We used two variations of the Linear Pixel Shuffling algebraic mask algorithm involving numbers arising from two third order, Fibonacci-like recurrences, As an alternative to screen rotation, masks were flipped and r...

On a very small surface, a chip, several thousands of oligonucleotides, having a length between 20 and 25 bases, can be synthesized. The actual technology to manufacture in parallel these high density oligo-chips is photolithography using masks to select the oligos on which one base, among A, T, G or C, must be added. The problems tackled here deal with the possibility, with a unique series of ...

One-step gray-tone lithography is the most effective approach to making three-dimensional (3D) micro-optical elements (MOEs). Metal-transparent-metallic-oxide (MTMO) grayscale masks are novel and quite cost effective. In this paper, through the successful fabrication of 3D SiO(2) MOEs by gray-tone lithography and reactive ion etching, we thoroughly investigate the practical technique needs of M...

In digital image processing, filtering tasks are typically implemented using filtering masks of very small sizes, for instance, 3x3, 5x5, or 7x7. The choice of filtering coefficients are usually heuristic, without rigorous mathematical derivation. In this work, we propose a constrained least-squared (LS) error approach to design 5x5 image filtering masks, which have moderate degrees of freedom....

A simple way of obtaining multivariate wavelets is the tensor product of univariate wavelets. Multivariate wavelets are of interest in both theory and application. In this paper, we study the projection method, an inverse operation in some sense to the tensor product method, to investigate various properties of multivariate refinable function vectors and multivariate multiwavelets. To illustrat...

The use and withdrawal of surgical face masks in recent years has occurred in an ad hoc manner that is incompatible with evidence-based practice. Much of the literature on masks consists of anecdotal evidence or summaries of previous studies. The rationale for wearing masks has shifted from protection of the patient to protection of the health care professional wearing the mask. Currently there...

We propose a polarizer-free liquid crystal display (LCD) consisting of two microlens array (MLA) layers, a twisted nematic (TN) LC layer, and two light-blocking masks. By changing the polarization state, focal length of the LCD can be controlled. Since two light-blocking masks have a circular stop pattern and a complementary open pattern, entire gray-scale spectrum may be realized by controllin...

This communication demonstrates an approach to generate simple nanostructures with critical dimensions down to 30 nm over cm2-sized areas using composite PDMS masks. These masks were patterned with feature sizes down to 100 nm. When used in phase-shifting lithography, these masks generated arrays of structures in photoresist with line widths as small as 30 nm, slots in metal with features down ...

Influenza Deaths in India -Whether Enough is Being Done? community. The health ministry has recommended vaccination and use of Personal Protective Equipment (N95 masks and triple layer surgical masks) for health care personnel, but there is lack of adequate vaccines and face masks. Another problem with these guidelines is that by the time H1N1 tests are available, it is too late for the antivir...