This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the authors and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. We analyze the performance of kernel density methods applied to g...

On the Measurement of Long-Term Income Inequality and Income Mobility This paper proposes a two-step aggregation method for measuring long-term income inequality and income mobility, where mobility is defined as an equalizer of long-term income. The first step consists of aggregating the income stream of each individual into a measure of permanent income, which accounts for the costs associated...

Poverty and Transitions in Health Using a sample of Europeans aged 50+ from twelve countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) we analyse the role of poor material conditions as a determinant of changes in health over a four-year period. We find that poverty defined with respect to relative incomes has no effect on changes in health. However, broader measures of p...

Using cross country regressions, this paper constructs a novel distance-to-frontier metric for tracking broad socio-economic inequality (including access of the poor to health infrastructure) over time for individual countries. Given the unavailability of reliable and consistent direct measures of inequality for most poor countries, especially related to nonincome aspects of living standards, t...

A number of recent papers have found evidence of interdependencies in utility functions, in that, ceteris paribus, individual well-being falls as others' income or consumption increases. This paper asks if, in addition, the distribution of income in the reference group matters. I consider full-time employees in eleven waves of British panel data, and take life satisfaction and the GHQ-12 as mea...

This paper investigates potential measurement error biases in poverty transition matrices. We compare transition matrices based on survey consumption data to measurement-error-free simulated consumption, which is built on initial conditions and parameters estimated from a basic consumption dynamics model allowing for measurement error. We …nd that measurement error in consumption data magni…es ...

This paper examines whether and how socio-economic status is associated with children’s behavioural development in today’s children. Using a large cohort of English children born in the early 1990s we find significant social inequalities in several dimensions of child behaviour at age 7. We examine whether these inequalities are associated with characteristics of the child’s early home environm...

Study of the interference effect of propranolol and amlodipine drugs on their interaction with human serum albumin based on molecular dynamics simulation method M. R. Bozorgmehr, M. R. Housaindokht 1 Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 2 Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mash...

PROVIDER COMMUNICATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN HIGH AND LOW INCOME DISTRICTS OF MASHHAD Somayeh Fazaeli, Mehdi Yousefi, Zahra-Sadat Ershadnia, Saeed Fazaeli. Medical Records and Health Information Technology Department, school of paramedical sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Health Economics and Management Sciences, School of Hea...