Major challenge for the Western Balkan pharmaceutical markets remains legal enforcement of measurable tender criteria (1) when submitting offers for supplying large healthcare centers. All of regional economies increased health spending rapidly over past two and a half decades.Nevertheless, constrained national drug budgets have led to the development of diverse resource allocation strategies (...

The number of retail farmers' markets in the USA increased dramatically in the twentieth century, with a burst of growth experienced after the passage of Public Law 94-463 (PL 94-463), the Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing Act of 1976. This article inventories the literature since the Second World War on retail farmers' markets and direct marketing in North America. The inventory includes som...

— Small-scale assemblers are both the most vilified and least understood actors in food value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on data from Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique, this article explores how maize assemblers influence the market access conditions of small-scale farmers. Assembly markets for maize are found to be highly competitive in terms of the number of traders operating a...

The present study was conducted to identify the existing marketing system and availability of fish species in different markets of Noakhali district of Bangladesh. It was found that the fish distribution chain from producers to consumers was passed through a number of intermediaries: local fish retailers, agents, wholesalers and retailers. Five types of marketing channels were found in this stu...

The strategic planning of marketing and the application of marketing strategies for achieving sustainable competitive advantages are of the factors that help the survival of producers of agricultural organic products. Although, there are evidences of the growth of organic farming in Iran but, there are no useful information and proposals for making marketing strategies in organic production hol...

We consider competition between two decentralized supply chains network under demand uncertainty. Each chain consists of one risk-averse manufacturer and a group of risk-averse retailers. These two chains present substitutable products to the geographical dispensed markets. The markets’ demands are contingent upon prices, service levels, and advertising efforts of two supply chains. We formulat...

Marketing is the creation of customer demand. Operations management is the supply and fulfillment of that demand. Therefore, there is no surprise that marketing and operations management are intimately connected in many firms. When the two areas are in conflict, one often sees a mismatch in demand and supply, leading to production inefficiencies and unsatisfied customers. When they are in synch...

The marketing system for cattle in the United high costs and low prices because of thin country States has evolved with shifts from delivery to auction markets, a group of livestock producers large terminal centers, to more decentralized formed a market board association in 1973. The markets. Because of innovations in transportaobjective of the market board was to supply tion and processing tec...

the strategic planning of marketing and the application of marketing strategies for achieving sustainable competitive advantages are of the factors that help the survival of producers of agricultural organic products. although, there are evidences of the growth of organic farming in iran but, there are no useful information and proposals for making marketing strategies in organic production hol...

severity of rivalry in markets and importance of customer’s maintenance for organization enforced them to gain toward creation, keeping and promotion the relationship with customers and according to scholars’ findings; relationship marketing is one of the best ways. the conceptual model which is used in this paper, aims to investigate the effects of relationship marketing value dimensions such ...