chemokines participate in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses by interacting with their specific receptors on related immune and inflammatory cells such as b-lymphocytes, t-lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. chemokines and their receptors are therefore considered to mediate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune disorders. the recent studies have revealed the genoty...

background: actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by non acid fast, gram positive, anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria. the most common site of actinomycosis infection is cervicofacial region. bacteriologic identification from infected site or detection of sulfur granules confirms the diagnosis. we report a rare case of simultaneous infection of larynx and lungs ac...

abstract kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis that mainly affects younger children. although the definite cause still remains unknown but the clinical and epidemiologic findings discuss an infectious cause. the prevalence of incomplete kawasaki disease reported 15 to 36.2%, and it is more frequent in the extremes of the age spectrum. non delayed treatment of disease should be initiated bec...

background: ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in most societies. in a pathophysiologic point of view, it chiefly results from the formation of thrombus in coronary arteries which could not be only prevented by aspirin. many of clinical trials have shown the long-term benefits of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of thrombotic accidents. objectives: clopidogrel is a thie...

celiac disease also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy is characterized by intestinal mucosal damage and malabsorption from dietary intake of wheat, rye or barley. symptoms may appear with introduction of cereal in the first 3 years of life. a second peak in symptoms occurs in adults during the third or forth decade and even as late as eight decade of life. the prevalence of this disease is ...

1. the most important challenge in diagnosis of celiac disease is not-performing the diagnostic tests in suspected persons. because of multi-organ damage and multiple manifestations of disease, diagnosis of celiac disease may be delayed. it seems general physicians should be aware about uncommon presentations of disease and indications of celiac tests. 2. the second most important challenge is ...

objective epilepsy occurs with a yearly incidence of 40 per 100,000 children, of which more than 25% are resistant to drug therapy. epilepsy may occur in autoimmune diseases like lupus, celiac disease and myasthenia gravis. in this study, the relationship between celiac disease and refractory epilepsy was evaluated in children with idiopathic epilepsy. material & methods hundred-fifty-five chil...

aim : the aim of this study was to discuss the prevalence of celiac disease (cd) in dyspeptic patients. background : although severe mucosal abnormality with villous atrophy (lesions marsh iii) is at present the gold standard for the diagnosis of cd, presentation with non-specific microenteropathy (marsh i-ii) with positive serology is also common. patients with dyspepsia, specific cd antibodie...

introduction wegener’s granulomatosis is a lethal disease with granulomatous inflammation and necrotizing vasculitis. case presentation the case was a 63-year-old female with a history of wegener’s granulomatosis presented with erythema of the arm within which there was a crusted or ulcerated lesion surrounded by small vesicles that was confirmed as herpes simplex infection. conclusions current...