We present an assessment of bulk fused silica and calcium fluoride, and of antireflective coatings for 193-nm lithographic applications. In the course of extensive marathon studies we have accumulated 1-5 billion laser pulses on over 100 bulk material samples at fluences from 0.2 to 4 mJ/cm/pulse. The results show large variation in both initial and induced absorption of fused silica (up to 40x...

Race conditions Urban and semi-urban parts of the city with both paved and un-paved roads, maximum recorded temperature during the race was 35° Celsius. A prospective descriptive epidemiological analysis of race data of runners presenting with emergencies was done using a standardized patient data collection form given to medical aid providers. Triaging was done according to Canadian triage and...

Retrospective, cross-sectional comparative studies examining resting blood samples indicate lower circulating testosterone levels exist in chronically exercise-trained male athletes specifically those who participate in endurance sporting activities; such as, marathon distance running, long-course triathlons, and Olympic distance race walking [5-9]. The evidence in these studies is decidedly co...

By considering the energy cost of messages carried by proteins as proportional to their information content we found experimental proof that proteins from all living organisms tend to have their estimated semantic content of information per unit mass, statistically, close to a constant. Thus, in the message carried by proteins −to achieve minimum energy waste− the rate of information content pe...

Life-threatening hyponatremia can occur when sodium concentration falls to 125 mmol/L or less. Symptoms usually do not depend on the absolute sodium concentration but on the rate of fall. Estimates of mortality in acute hyponatremia are as high as 50%. Marathon runners are at particular risk of developing a syndrome which consists of severe hyponatremia, pulmonary edema and cerebral edema as or...

With widespread adoption of ICT usage in public service delivery platforms (e-Government) throughout the world, African countries have vowed not to be left behind in this marathon. Robust e-Government adoption depends on the strategy employed to implement it. This paper presents the different initiatives that have been employed to promote e-Government development and development in Botswana, Mo...

In this paper we present a simple Body Area Network (BAN) platform that was built to monitor the performance of a marathon athlete all along the race, meeting real-time and QoS constraints, under good transmission conditions. Data collected during the event (packet loss, signal strength) allowed us to obtain a primary knowledge about the behavior of the radio transmissions between the different...

In the present study, we investigated the effects of psychological crises on goal striving and the buffering effects of self-verbalizations in the context of a marathon race. Study 1 showed that during a marathon, a psychological crisis—which is characterized by a strong impulse of goal disengagement and thoughts about benefits and costs—occurred at about Kilometer 30 and that this crisis had n...

By WILLIAM HANEY Thresher Reporter Negroes and Mexican-Americans in Houston, along with their brothers all over the country, are beginning to overcome centuries-old patterns of submissiveness, to take pride in their ethnic identities, and to assert their collective power to compel solutions to the problems of discrimination. This is the clear message that emerged from Monday's marathon teach-in...