More than 90% of all bird species are monogamous within a breeding season. Biparental care of eggs and young is generally the rule for these species, especially for those which do not produce precocial young. Thus the common domesticated species differ from the majority of other birds in the display of parental behavior. The hormonal control of such behavior, however, appears to be similar in a...

The effect of catch-and-release fishing on the survival of peacock bass (Cichla spp.) was evaluated by comparing two types of artificial bait (jig and shallow-diver plugs) and two types of post-catch confinement. Two experiments were conducted during the periods January-February and October-November 2012 in the Unini River, a right-bank tributary of the Negro River. In total, 191 peacock bass w...

Massive actuator arrays found their applications in robotics, pharmaceutics, aerospace, etc. Compared with electrically and/or pneumatically powered actuator array, hydraulic actuator has the comprehensive advantages of higher force density (i.e. force / actuation area), better controllability, and simpler remote control accessibility. This paper presents approaches to construct and control a m...