The historical development of the two-sample rank-sum test is explored. While most textbooks and journal articles attribute the origin of the two-sample rank-sum test to Wilcoxon (1945) and/or Mann and Whitney (1947), the test was independently developed by at least six researchers in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In addition to Wilcoxon and Mann and Whitney, Festinger (1946), Whitfield (1947...

background: chronic musculoskeletal pain is a worldwide health problem. anxiety and depression are common among patients suffering from chronic pain. self-management strategies are used to help patients manage the emotional distress associated with pain. aim: to evaluate the effects of cognitive pain self-management program (cpsmp) on depression, anxiety, and stress in women with chronic pain. ...

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a worldwide health problem. Anxiety and depression are common among patients suffering from chronic pain. Self-management strategies are used to help patients manage the emotional distress associated with pain. Aim: To evaluate the effects of cognitive pain self-management program (CPSMP) on depression, anxiety, and stress in women with chronic pain....

BACKGROUND The proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine and isoleucine might play an unrecognised crucial role in the development of depression through their activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) pathway. The aim of this research project is to evaluate whether BCAAs are altered in patients with major depression and might thus be appropriate biomarkers fo...

χ Value in the Chi-square distribution used to test for significant differences between three (or more) independent groups when using the Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance where the dependent variable is measured on an ordinal scale. p Probability of making a type I decision error. U Critical value in the Mann-Whitney U test to test for significant differences between two inde...

Methods Patient blind, parallel group, randomised, controlled study of two study arm. 54 patients were given AST (GroupA) and control group of 57 patients given injection normal saline (placebo) (GroupB). AST/Placebo was given every week for 9 weeks and then followed-up for another 3 weeks. Levocetrizine was advised to be taken SOS in both groups. AU was diagnosed by autologous serum skin test....

Methods Total nasal symptom score (TNSS), NW and turbinate biopsy specimens were obtained from 36 AR and 20 NAR patients. Atopic patients had positive skin prick test to D.pteronyssinus (35/97%) and L.perenne (18/50%) extracts from Hollister-Stier. Total and differential cell counts were evaluated by a quantitative method of nasal cytology; albumin and IL-8 concentrations were determined in the...

Methods: Ninety-eight (98) students enrolled in a public school in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, participated in this study. For motor evaluation, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2) was used; the assessment of physical fi tness was performed using the guidelines of the Brazil Sport Project (PROESP-BR). Data were tabulated in the Statistical Packa...