With increasing level of security threats and constant budget limitations, it is critical for a company to know how much and where to invest in information security. To date, all of the studies—academia or practitioner—focus on risk reduction as the primary effect of security investments, assuming that they generate no direct business benefits. However, some potential business values such as br...

Risk control plays an important role at privacy protection. Article 17 (1) of the Directive 95/46/EC (DPD) requires that the controller must implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal data. ICT offers solutions in the shape of privacy protection for users, consumers and citizens. The application of ICT to protect privacy has become widely known under the nam...

The interdependency of information security risks poses a significant challenge for firms to manage security. Firms may overor under-invest in security because security investments generate network externalities. In this paper, we explore how firms can use three risk management approaches, third-party cyberinsurance, managed security service (MSS) and risk pooling arrangement (RPA), to address ...

This paper examines how ownership structure and institutional development influence the liquidity management and investment policies of firms, in response to the threat of political extraction in China. First, we document evidence that firms controlled by private entrepreneurs hold less cash reserves than their state-owned counterparts. In addition, cash holdings (investments) is positively (ne...

The current buildup of the U.S. Social Security Trust Fund has caused speculation about both the potential consequences of the buildup under different policy objectives and the fund's management. As is often the case, the search for precedents under similar circumstances abroad has been quite extensive on the part of legislators and U.S. experts in the field of financial policy. This article su...

The forestry is an important sector that requires serious investment and research could enable the management of ecosystems transformation goods services from ecosystem into high value-added products. Additionally, refers to a remarkable economic potential for several sectors as well mining, animal husbandry, plant production. Up this point, it intended analyze progress in Turkey near term line...

Students make investments every semester when they spend their tuition credits, time, and limited opportunities on elective courses. Naturally, they expect reasonable returns in terms of the knowledge and skills they can gainfully employ immediately or in the near future. Their investments in general-purpose competencies such as information technology, software engineering, design, and manageme...

Known as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in recent years a concept for business that focuses customers is often discussed in research and practice. After initially extraordinary expectations, numerous CRM projects fail. Thereby as one of the major reasons an overestimated and poor data quality is very frequently mentioned. Many authors assume a positive correlation between data quality a...

While much of the existing financial literature on asset pricing and corporate finance assumes an exogenous lending market, this paper studies an endogenous one in a general equilibrium model. To achieve this, a natural instrument is collateral, because its value is associated with the conditional liquidation price. In the economy, all agents are endowed with a collateralizable asset and cash, ...