SYNOPSIS: A functional explanation is presented for the shift of the reptilian articular and quadrate into the mammalian middle ear to become the malleus and incus. Modification of the masticatory apparatus of therapsids results in reduction of stresses on the jaw joint and consequently in reduction of posterior elements of the jaw. In the late therapsid, Jiieno-Iherium, the quadrate and post-d...

(1971), Hypomania and mania after withdrawal of tricyclic antidepressants. Short and Long term administration of tri-cyclic antidepressants and Lithium on nore-pinephrine turn over in the brain, Science, 199, 197. The honesty of Kramer was dubious. He used to torture witches in Tyrol and was expelled by the local Bishop. Kramer could win a sympathetic hearing by Pope Innocent VIII. The Bull was...

"Boomerang" malleus-incus fusion deformity is identified on axial high-resolution CT in a subset of patients with congenital aural atresia, and it is associated with an absent incudostapedial joint and stapes capitulum and attachment of the incus to the tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal. Twelve patients with this deformity were identified on a retrospective review of imaging from a coh...

Seventy-three cases of adult cholesteatoma, including 52 cases with pars flaccida type cholesteatoma and 21 with pars tensa type cholesteatoma, were examined using high resolution computed tomography, in both axial (lateral semicircular canal plane) and coronal sections (cochlear, vestibular and antral plane). These cases were classified into two subtypes according with the presence of extensio...

Two species groups (the grandiculus- and the metacarpalis-group) of genus Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from China are revised and keyed, with eight new species, namely, A. muticiculus Liu & Chen, sp. n., A. parvus Liu & Chen, sp. n. and A. flavicapus Liu & Chen, sp. n. of the grandiculus-group; A. transtergum Liu & Chen, sp. n., A. malleus Liu & Chen, sp. n., A. ...

Examination.?Nose and throat showed mucosal congestion. In the right ear Shrapnell's membrane was dark red and slightly bulging. The par tensa of the tympanic membrane did not show the slightest indication of inflammation in the form of congestion or prominence of the handle of the malleus. The left ear showed the same appearance except that the congestion was not so marked in the attic region....

OBJECTIVE To describe the technique used for total ossiculoplasty with the Fisch titanium total prosthesis and evaluate the 1-year postoperative functional results in patients presenting with the stapes (or footplate) without the malleus handle. STUDY DESIGN Prospective trial with preoperative and postoperative comparison. SETTING Academic and private practice tertiary care center for otolo...