Contraception is used to help prevent unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Higher percentages of pregnancies to unmarried persons are unintended than for those who are married (1). Patterns of contraceptive use as reported by women, including differences by marital status, are well documented using National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) data (2–4); however, less re...

Over 170 million couples worldwide use surgical sterilization as a safe and reliable method of contraception. In the United States, sterilization is the most commonly used method among married or formerly married women. An estimated 640,000 female sterilization procedures and 500.000 male sterilization procedures are performed each year ( 1, 2). In 1988. sterilizations accounted for 39% of cont...

Relating emergency contraception, commonly referred to as "the morning-after pill," to the menstrual cycle can be used both to teach endocrine function and to show how physiology relates to the world outside the undergraduate classroom. The menstrual cycle is an excellent topic for teaching many features of the physiology of the human endocrine system. Relating emergency contraception to the me...

OBJECTIVES To understand how relationship status influences contraceptive use among young people. STUDY DESIGN Data were collected as part of a longitudinal study on hormonal contraception among unmarried adolescent and young women who wanted to avoid pregnancy for at least one year, recruited at family planning clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. Follow-up surveys were completed at 3, 6, ...

BACKGROUND Despite widespread condom promotion for HIV prevention, prospective measurement of condom use before and after HIV testing is infrequent. METHODS We analysed data from a prospective study of hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition among Zimbabwean and Ugandan women (1999-2004), in which HIV testing and counselling were performed approximately every 3 months. We used zero-inflate...

Latex condoms are a very effective barrier method for preventing transmission of HIV and other STDs,1 and the most popular and commonly used form of protection against them. Despite strong arguments in favor of condom use, many people at risk for HIV infection do not regularly use condoms during sex. Among the reasons people give for not using condoms are: dislike of them; insufficient or inacc...

A pharmacologic approach to male contraception remains a longstanding challenge in medicine. Toward this objective, we explored the spermatogenic effects of a selective small-molecule inhibitor (JQ1) of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily of epigenetic reader proteins. Here, we report potent inhibition of the testis-specific member BRDT, which is essential for chromatin remodeling...

The research conducted in public schools in São Paulo city, Brazil, studied the awareness and use of emergency contraception (EC) and its possible implications on the condoms use. Among the 4929 students, 55.6% had already had sex, 19.5% had got pregnant and 7.3% had had abortions. Condoms were used by 88.6% and were options for those who did not have a steady relationship. The EC was used by 3...

Unintended pregnancy can occur when women stop one birth control method before starting another. To prevent gaps in contraception, physicians should ask women regularly about adverse effects, cost, difficulty remembering the next dose, and other issues that affect adherence. Women who want to change contraceptive methods need accurate advice about how to do so. Some contraception transitions re...

The present review sheds some light on family planning methods and contraceptive dosage forms in use nowadays and new ones under investigation. First, the benefits of family planning for women, men, children, nation and the world are addressed. Then a complete survey about the methods of contraception in use nowadays viz: pills, IUD, vaginal rings, injectables, barriers, natural methods, spermi...