The effects of Naþ, Kþ, Caþþ and Mgþþ cations on the sol–gel transitions of high acyl (HA) gellan dispersions were investigated. Gelling temperatures of 1% HA gellan dispersions containing selected cations (monovalent cations, 10–200 mM; divalent cations, 2–80 mM) were determined using dynamic rheological analysis. Gelling temperatures increased with cation concentrations. Divalent cations exhi...

We specify the black box behavior of data ow components by characterizing the relation between the input and the output histories We distinguish between three main classes of such speci cations namely time independent speci cations weakly time dependent speci cations and strongly time dependent speci cations Data ow components are semantically modeled by sets of timed stream processing function...

The effect of interactions of various Ia and IIa cations with two positions of the adenine-thymine (A−T) and guanine-cytosine (G−C) base pairs on the geometries and individual hydrogen bond (HB) energies have been investigated by using the atoms in molecules (AIM) method at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The cations that possess higher charge/radius (q/rad) ratio make higher changes o...

The aim of this study was to develop an extended-release tablet formulation using a new in situ cross-linking method. The effects of polyvalent cations on theophylline release from tablets made with the polyanionic polymers sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, were investigated. Different miliequivalents of the di and tri-valent cation, Ca2+ and Al3+, were added to tablet form...

Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants generate high volumes of concentrates, which contain, in addition to major salts, some elements growing interest minor concentrations. This is the case lithium, highly demanded battery industry. In this work, separation Li+ from model SWRO brines has been evaluated by obtaining extraction curves with combination extractants DBM•TOPO and FDOD•T...

The aim of this study was to develop an extended-release tablet formulation using a new in situ cross-linking method. The effects of polyvalent cations on theophylline release from tablets made with the polyanionic polymers sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, were investigated. Different miliequivalents of the di and tri-valent cation, Ca2+ and Al3+, were added to tablet form...

Sensory transduction in vertebrate photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons is mediated by cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels that conduct mono- and divalent cations. Ca2+ entering the cell through CNG channels intimately controls signaling pathways by regulating several key enzymes. Cloned CNG channels from photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons profoundly differ in their relativ...