The focus of this paper is a numerical simulation study the flow dynamics in periodic porous medium to analyse physics symmetry-breaking phenomenon, which causes deviation direction macroscale from that applied pressure gradient. phenomenon prominent range porosity 0.43 0.72 for circular solid obstacles. It result instabilities formed when surface forces on obstacles compete with inertial force...

The Mindlin–Engelbrecht–Pastrone model is applied to simulating 1D wave propagation in microstructured solids. The model takes into account the nonlinearity in microand macroscale. Numerical solutions are found for the full system of equations (FSE) and the hierarchical equation (HE). The latter is derived from the FSE by making use of the slaving principle. Analysis of results demonstrates goo...

Spatial variation of tropical forest tree height is a key indicator of ecological processes associated with forest growth and carbon dynamics. Here we examine the macroscale variations of tree height of humid tropical forests across three continents and quantify the climate and edaphic controls on these variations. Forest tree heights are systematically sampled across global humid tropical fore...

In this paper, we characterize the filtration and deposition profiles of a recombinant analog of Norwalk virus, an important waterborne pathogen, in packed beds of saturated quartz sand under both ‘clean-bed’ and ‘dirty-bed’ conditions. Under clean-bed conditions with NaCl as the electrolyte, the retained Norwalk virus particles decline like a power-law with depth. The power-law decay in retain...

The current supply for electricity generation mostly relies on fossil fuels, which are finite and pose a great threat to the environment. Therefore, energy models that involve clean and renewable energy sources are necessary to ease the concerns about the electricity generation needed to meet the projected demand. Here, we mathematically model a hybrid energy generation and allocation system wh...

The lysis of cells in order to extract the nucleic acids or proteins inside it is a crucial unit operation in biomolecular analysis. This paper presents a critical evaluation of the various methods that are available both in the macro and micro scale for cell lysis. Various types of cells, the structure of their membranes are discussed initially. Then, various methods that are currently used to...

Global metrics of land cover and land use provide a fundamental basis to examine the spatial variability of human-induced impacts on freshwater ecosystems. However, microscale processes and site specific conditions related to bank vegetation, pollution sources, adjacent land use and water uses can have important influences on ecosystem conditions, in particular in smaller tributary rivers. Comp...

During reaching or drawing, the primate cortex carries information about the current and upcoming position of the hand. Researchers have decoded hand position, velocity, and acceleration during center-out reaching or drawing tasks from neural recordings acquired invasively at the microscale and mesoscale levels. Here we report that we can continuously decode information about hand velocity at t...

Macroscale and nanoscale measurements of epinephrine electro-oxidation at graphite electrodes, with different step edge densities, demonstrate unequivocally that the reaction occurs readily at the basal surface, and that step edges are not required for molecular electrocatalysis, in contrast to the current literature model.