Merged indexes are B-trees that contain multiple traditional indexes and interleave their records based on a common sort order. In relational databases, merged indexes implement “master-detail clustering” of related records, e.g., orders and order details. Thus, merged indexes shift de-normalization from the logical level of tables and rows to the physical level of indexes and records, which is...

Previous authors have shown how to build FM-indexes efficiently in external memory, but querying them efficiently remains an open problem. Searching näıvely for a pattern P requires Θ(|P |) random access. In this paper we show how, by storing a few small auxiliary tables, we can access data only in the order in which they appear on disk, which should be faster. An FM-index [4] is a compressed r...

ions of the global environment are brought down to the macro level to guide macro-level implementation. Shadow This is a representation of the global wires overlaying a macro that is used to guide macro physical design and for macro extraction. Timing assertions This is information on the global timing at macro interfaces-arrival times with phase tags on inputs, required arrival times with phas...

China has the largest number of online users in the world and about 20% internet users are from China. This is a huge, as well as a mysterious, market for IT industry due to various reasons such as culture difference. Twitter is the largest microblogging service in the world and Tencent Weibo is one of the largest microblogging services in China. Employ the two data sets as a source in our stud...

POMDP planning faces two major computational challenges: large state spaces and long planning horizons. The recently introduced Monte Carlo Value Iteration (MCVI) can tackle POMDPs with very large discrete state spaces or continuous state spaces, but its performance degrades when faced with long planning horizons. This paper presents Macro-MCVI, which extends MCVI by exploiting macro-actions fo...