Ectopic breast tissues are subject to the similar physiological and pathological alterations seen in breast tissues situated in their normal anatomical positions. We report a 34-year old multiparous woman who presented with a right axillary lump of about 1 year duration, for which clinical impression of axillary lymphadenopathy was made and lumpectomy carried out. Histology of excised lump reve...

A 57-year-old woman presented in November 1978 with a two-month history of intermittent fever, an evanescent non-pruritic rash, loss of 10 kg, and generalised lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Haemoglobin concentration was 7 8 g/dl, white cell count 316 x 109/1 (31 600/mm3), and platelet count 142 x 109/1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 102 mm in first hour (Westergren), and Coombs te...

The surgical and antimicrobial treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenopathy in 17 children was reviewed. Node excision was curative, but most nodes were still incised leaving discharging lesions. Standard antituberculous treatment was unhelpful, but a new macrolide/quinolone combination appeared to be effective in three cases.

We report 2 contrasting cases of a seronegative polyarthritis associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). Both cases were nonerosive, with symmetrical involvement of the elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. In one the arthritis appeared concurrently with the main systemic manifestations of AILD. The second presented with polyarthritis 18 months before the onset of AILD. This patien...

Lymph node enlargement is a common finding on routine physical examination of children. The dilemma facing general practitioners is when to refer to paediatricians; the dilemma for paediatricians is deciding how extensively to investigate children. While the majority of cases will have a benign, rapidly resolving course, the well recognised associations of lymphadenopathy and potentially life t...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in Pakistan and the numbers are on increase each year. Cervical lymphadenopathy, a common finding in tuberculosis and other inflammatory, infectious and malignant etiologies, is commonly encountered in hospital setting in Karachi, Pakistan. Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis are blood tinged sputum, weight loss, night sweats, loss of appetite and weak...

Over an average span of one year, we performed a prospective clinical and immunologic evaluation of 30 patients with hemophilia. No patient developed life-threatening opportunistic infection or malignancy; however, the immunologic abnormalities and lymphadenopathy initially present in nine patients (lymphadenopathy group) persisted. In addition, five patients, representing 24% of the initial gr...

IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN) is the most common renal manifestation of IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) and may cause acute or chronic renal dysfunction. Imaging often shows heterogeneous densities in the kidneys, such as a mass or multiple nodules. Serology usually demonstrates high levels of serum IgG4 and total IgG. Most patients have other organs involvement by...

Toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy (TL) is the most common clinical manifestation of acute acquired toxoplasma infection in normal individuals. The diagnosis is established by serologic methods and lymph node biopsy. Recently, tests for avidity of toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have been introduced to help discriminate between recently acquired and distant infection with the parasite. We...

Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest and significant manifestations of local as well as systemic ailments, especially malignancies. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) helps in diagnosing the disease itself, in general, but more importantly ruling out malignancy, in particular. Hence it saves much of the cost and use of resources incurred with excision biopsy of such lymph nodes. This pro...