The luxA and luxB genes of luminescent bacteria, most frequently from Vibrio spp., are widely used as reporter genes (3,10). The heterodimer (αβ) luciferase enzyme catalyzes oxidation of the reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2) and a long-chain fatty aldehyde, resulting in emission of light. In vitro, dodecanal or nonanal are used as preferred exogenous aldehyde substrates for bacterial lucife...

Salmonella typhimurium has three distinct Mg2+ transport systems, the constitutive high-capacity CorA transporter and two P-type ATPases, MgtA and MgtB, whose transcription is repressed by normal concentrations of Mg2+ in the growth medium. The latter Mg(2+)-transporting ATPase is part of a two-gene operon, mgtCB, with mgtC encoding a 23 kDa protein of unknown function. Transcriptional regulati...

mdma generally known as ecstasy, have deleterious effects on the serotonergic neurotransmitter system. recent findings suggest that the liver and brain are major target organs of mdma-related toxicities. although most research is being dynamically performed on brain, however, the molecular mechanisms by which mdma elicits adverse effects in both organs are poorly undrestood.the present study wa...

background 3-4methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) is a synthetic and psychoactive drug, which is known popularly as ecstasy and has toxic effects on human organs. objectives considering the potential toxic interaction, this study was performed to quantify the expression of bax and bcl2 genes in mdma-induced hepatotoxicity on rat liver. subsequently, we evaluated pentoxifylline as a possible pr...

rapid detection and differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) involved in the disease outbreak is very important for controlling disease and developing new vaccines. in the present study, three regions of the genome of ibv vaccine and field isolates including s1 gene, gene 3 and nucleocapsid (n) gene along with 3' untranslated region (3' utr) were amplified and subjected to restricti...

objective: today, aids is considered as a global problem and many efforts to generate an effective vaccine against this disease have been made, but remain inconclusive. dna vaccines are a member of the new generation of vaccines that can efficiently stimulate the immune system. however, recent findings indicate low immunogenicity for these vaccines and it is believed that these types of vaccine...

objective(s) production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) by enteric bacteria continues to be a major problem in hospitals and community. esbls producing bacteria cause many serious infections including urinary tract infections, peritonitis, cholangitis and intra-abdominal abscess. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of esbls producing escherichia coli and klebsiell...

background: radiation therapy is among the most conventional cancer therapeutic modalities with effective local tumor control. however, due to the development of radio-resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis often occur following radiation therapy. in recent years, combination of radiotherapy and gene therapy has been suggested to overcome this problem. the aim of the current study was to e...

genome-wide association studies (gwas) have identified genetic variants contributing to the risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) at the chromosome 9p21 locus. the chromosome 9p21 is an important susceptibility locus for several multifactorial diseases like ischemic stroke, aortic aneurysm, type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (cad). f7 gene because of its role in activating the ...

introduction: endometriosis is a prevalent gynecological disorder among women which is diagnosed by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus and is mainly accompanied by severe pelvic pain and infertility. p53 also known as cellular tumor antigen p53 inside codons 11, 72 and 248 are contained with single nucleotide changes in which tends to be nearly rampant.this will probably be incr...