Ammonia nitrogen has been one of the key pollution indicators along Chinese coastline for quite a few years. Our previous studies have proved that ammonia is harmful Ruditapes philippinarum clam in several aspects. Environmental concentrations were found to significantly decrease ATP contents and disturb metabolism, addition reducing potential across mitochondrial membrane gill tissues. Accordi...

The appropriate selection of reference genes for the normalization of non-biological variance in reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is essential for the accurate interpretation of the collected data. The use of multiple validated reference genes has been shown to substantially increase the robustness of the normalization. It is therefore considered good practice to valid...

The trophic evolution of the Venice lagoon was analyzed by studying particulate collected monthly with sedimentation traps in many areas since 1989, and at Goro 2018–2019. Sedimentation rates were strongly related to presence macrophytes, which reduced sediment resuspension, anthropogenic pressures, such as clam harvesting naval-boat traffic, that triggered resuspension loss. highest mean annua...

Marine reserves are being increasingly used to protect exploited marine species. However, blanket protection of species within a reserve may shelter nonindigenous species that are normally affected by harvesting, intensifying their impacts on native species. I studied a system of marine reserves in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA, to examine the extent to which marine reserves are invaded...