Ultrafine ruthenium–titanium oxide catalysts were directly produced using a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis process and assessed as chloride oxidation catalysts. Selectivity towards chlorine (over oxygen) evolution was shown to generally increase with decreasing ruthenium content. The optimum catalyst was then used to make an anode for a light-driven brine-splitting demonstrator device t...

In internal combustion engines, exhaust valve and its seat gain considerable temperature as the hot gases exit through them. So, the rate of heat transfer should be under control. In this study, the contact heat transfer coefficient has been estimated. An experimental study on an Air-Cooled internal combustion engine cylinder head has been considered. Using the measured temperatures of sensors ...

Laser-based missile-defence systems are being increasingly employed on aircraft to provide protection when attacked by optically-guided weapons. In some engagements the laser beam must pass through the exhaust gases of the aircraft. To predict the increase in laser beam divergence and jitter of the laser beam direction, an understanding of the exhaust gas structure and its influence is required...

Abstract This article aims to improve the low-temperature H 2 -deNO x performance of active Pt/ZrO catalyst using MoO as a promoter. For this purpose, systematic series samples were prepared with Pt content 0.25 wt% and Mo loads from 0 10 wt%. The physico-chemically characterized by means powder X-ray diffraction, N physisorption, temperature-programmed desorption CO NH 3 , Raman spectroscopy d...

Emissions from modern SI-engines are reduced by a three way catalyst. However if there are leaks in the exhaust system before the catalyst emissions increase for two reasons. First the untreated emissions leak out. Second which is worse, due to waves in the exhaust system, oxygen leaks into the manifold and causes an oxygen sensor offset. The result is increased emissions as the air/fuel contro...

Abstract The vaporization of vanadium pentoxide from CaO-SiO 2 -VO x ternary slags using different gas treatment regimens and parallel vacuum extirpation to treat V-bearing at 1873 K has been developed in the present study. novelty study is monitor effect alumina dissolution on phenomenon. Vanadium high vapor pressure temperatures over 1500 K. When slags, kept dense crucibles, are injected with...

Typically, the standard practice for measuring the arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is to take intermittent blood samples for analysis by a bench blood gas analyzer. Continuous inline blood gas monitors are available but are expensive. A potential solution is the capnograph, which was evaluated by determining how accurately the carbon dioxide ten...

We present a bolus method of inert-gas delivery to the lungs that facilitates application of multiple inert gases and the multiple inert-gas-exchange technique (MIGET) model to noninvasive measurements of cardiac output (CO) and central mixed venous oxygen content Reduction in recirculation error is made possible by 1) replacement of sinusoidal input functions with impulse inputs and 2) replace...