BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An imaginary line connecting both iliac crests is used to determine the vertebral level for lumbar puncture. This line crosses the spine at the level of L4 or the L4-L5 space. This anatomical reference can be inaccurate in a large proportion of patients. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the identification of the L3-L4 space by the physical ex...

introduction: phonophoresis is the use of ultrasound to enhancing cellular drug delivery through the skin. in this study the effect of clobethasole and hydrocortisone ointments phonophoresis on pain, knee osteoarthritis and some other symptoms was studied. methods: an experimental single blind randomized clinical trial (rct) was used. an available sampling technique was used for selection of pa...

Segmentation on ultrasound image is difficult when the image is not clear and contains unwanted noise. Since the object to be segmented out can be changing in shape for a period of time, there is a need to apply a computerised segmentation method for future analysis without any assumptions about the object’s topology is made. In general, when performing pregnancy ultrasound scanning, seeking a ...

The oblique parasagittal diameter of the lumbar spinal canal at the L5-S1 level was measured in 49 employees of the Wm Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans' Hospital using real time ultrasound in a case-control study. Individuals with a canal diameter of less than 14 mm represented the lowest 10th percentile in this population and being in the narrowest 10th percentile constituted a risk factor for tim...

Introduction: Biofilms are recognized as a significant deterrent to wound healing and to the management of exposed or infected surgical implants. Biofilms can be disrupted by a variety of enzymatic and mechanical interventions. This experiment was designed to determine whether direct-contact low-frequency ultrasound has the ability to clear biofilms and what then happens to the released bacteri...

Introduction Medical ultrasound machines are some of the most sophisticated signal processing machines in use today. As in any machine there are many trade-offs in implementations due to performance requirements, physics, and cost. This paper will try to show the trade-offs for ultrasound front-end circuits by starting from a high-level system overview followed by a more detailed description of...

Low frequency ultrasound in the 20 to 60 kHz range is a novel physical modality by which to induce selective cell lysis and death in neoplastic cells. In addition, this method can be used in combination with specialized agents known as sonosensitizers to increase the extent of preferential damage exerted by ultrasound against neoplastic cells, an approach referred to as sonodynamic therapy (SDT...

The application of ultrasound energy at much lower levels than is the current clinical norm is starting to gain ground as a therapeutic possibility. Clearly the applied energy is the same, it is the ‘dose’ which is different – most importantly, the intensity (W cm) – which is MUCH lower – typically 2 or 3 times lower than the lowest setting on most regular clinical machines, with the most commo...

Physical treatments such as therapeutic ultrasound and Laser are cited as important aides in wound management. This work expected to assess the role of ultrasound and laser on excisional wound healing progression in incited diabetic mice. Forty Swiss albino mice were divided into 2 groups; group I (diabetic free, 10mice) was used as a control group, while the other; group II(30 mice) was diabet...