The use of low level laser to reduce pain, inflammation and edema, to promote wound, deeper tissues and nerves healing, and to prevent tissue damage has been known for almost forty years since the invention of lasers. This review will cover some of the proposed cellular mechanisms responsible for the effect of visible light on mammalian cells, including cytochrome c oxidase (with absorption pea...

Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) uses a light source that generates extremely pure light, of a single wavelength(1). The effect is not thermal, but rather related to photochemical reactions in the cells. LLLT was introduced as an alternative non-invasive treatment for OA about 10 years ago, but its effectiveness is still controversial(2). A Cochrane review of LLLT in osteoarthritis included five ...

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a newly developing technique in dentistry, although it has been used among medical, dental, physiotherapy, and veterinary professions in some parts of the world for decades. LLLT can offer tremendous therapeutic benefits to patients, such as accelerated wound healing and pain relief. There is much to be learned about the mechanisms, recognition of the therapeut...

We consider low cost discrete bit loading based on greedy power allocation (GPA) under the constraints of total transmit power budget, target BER, and maximum permissible QAM modulation order. Compared to the standard GPA, which is optimal in terms of maximising the data throughput, three suboptimal schemes are proposed, which perform GPA on subsets of subchannels only. These subsets are create...

This paper reports the results of a pre-post outcomes study on the impact of tilt-in-space power wheelchairs on the health, activity, and participation of 5 subjects. Using a methodology which combines traditional self-reports and activity monitoring technology, subjects who had previously used an upright power wheelchair were monitored at baseline and 3 months following receipt of a new tilt-i...

1 2 Influence of the scanned side of the row in terrestrial laser sensor applications in 3 vineyards: practical consequences 4 5 Jaume Arnó · Alexandre Escolà · Joan Masip · Joan R. Rosell-Polo 6 7 8 9 10 J. Arnó () · A. Escolà · J. Masip · J. R. Rosell-Polo 11 Department of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, Research Group on AgroICT and 12 Precision Agriculture, University of Lleida, Rovir...

In order to minimize the quantity of active materials that require long-term storage, arising during operation and after fusion power plant decommissioning, maximum use should be made of both recycling within the nuclear industry and clearance. For the latter, revised limits have recently been issued at the international level and in the U.S. and Europe. In this paper the implications for fusio...

Despite more than 30 years of experience with low level laser therapy (LLLT) or 'biostimulation' in dentistry, concerns remain as to its effectiveness as a treatment modality. Controlled clinical studies have demonstrated that while LLLT is effective for some specific applications, it is not a panacea. This paper provides an outline of the biological basis of LLLT and summarizes the findings of...

Question To assess the effectiveness of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL) up to June 2005. Reference lists from relevant articles were scanned. Relevant studies were also traced by contacting experts. Study selection Randomised controlled trials of patients with RA whic...

The subject can be broadly classified under two headings: Water Treatment and Combustion. It is not the object of this paper to elaborate the methods of running efficiency tests and their attendant calculations, but rather to discuss the laboratory and factory work of the chemist in this more or less engineering subject. I think we can safely say that the day is past when accidents and expensiv...