This study examines the gender-differentiated effects of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) on households in Zimbabwe during 1991. Interviews and focus groups were conducted among 120 randomly selected households in Kambuzuma, a densely populated suburb of Harare with mostly Black residents with a considerable range in income. Interviews were conducted in mid-1991 and reinterviews were con...

In many countries, collectively financed health insurance systems or health services delivery systems (such as the NHS) exist. Typically, these institutions are financed via general taxes or specific contributions levied on earnings. As benefits are not dependent upon income, this implies a redistribution from high to low earners. An exception can be found in Switzerland, where equal per-capita...

This study assessed environmental health practices in the traditional city of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The 22 residential areas Ile-Ife were stratified into core, transition, and suburban zones. A systematic sampling technique was used selecting 327 respondents for questionnaire administration across Findings revealed that there poor among residents, although with variation is based on their socioecon...

We suggest that stabilizing the baseline income can make low-wage workers more tolerant towards high earners. present evidence of this attitude in UK by exploiting introduction National Minimum Wage (NMW), which institutionally sets a pay reducing risk losses and providing clear reference point for British at lower end distribution. Based on data from Household Panel Survey (BHPS), we show who ...

This paper uses individual tax returns micro data from 1960 to 1997 to analyze whether taxpayers bunch at the kink points of the U.S. income tax schedule generated by jumps in marginal tax rates. Clear evidence of bunching is found only at the threshold of the first tax bracket where tax liability starts. Evidence for other kink points is weak or null. The large jumps in marginal tax rates crea...

We propose a theory that explains why international trade can widen a wage gap between top income-earners and others. In the basic model, we consider two symmetric countries in which individuals with different abilities work either as knowledge workers, who develop products produced in a differentiated-good sector, or as production workers, who engage in actual production processes. In equilibr...

Low-income earners and others facing housing market barriers have long sought to save costs by sharing. Potentially a release valve in constrained markets, the share sector is poorly understood due difficulty of tracing informal negotiations between cohabiting households. However, rise online accommodation platforms opens new opportunities view these hidden arrangements while also propelling pr...

The working papers published in the Series constitute work in progress circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comments. Views expressed represent exclusively the authors' own opinions and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors. Ruhr Graduate School in Economics ECON Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese P...