During pregnancy, lower levels of maternal glucose before and during a glucose load have been associated with reduced infant birth weight and an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age births. A lower incremental area under the glucose response curve defines a low glycemic diet. Thus, during pregnancy the maternal diet, as measured by the glycemic index, may influence fetal growth and infan...

BACKGROUND Many studies have indicated that the incidence of serious diabetic complications may be reduced through strict glycemic control. A low glycemic index diet is one tool to improve insulin resistance and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM The objective was to study the effect of pseudocereals-based breakfasts (quinoa and buckwheat) on glucose variations a...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The positive and negative health effects of dietary carbohydrates are of interest to both researchers and consumers. METHODS International experts on carbohydrate research held a scientific summit in Stresa, Italy, in June 2013 to discuss controversies surrounding the utility of the glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and glycemic response (GR). RESULTS The outcome w...

The glycemic index (GI) provides an indication of a food’s carbohydrate quality by measuring the blood glucose response to consuming the food. The glycemic load (GL) is calculated as the GI times the available carbohydrate in a fixed amount of the food. GI and GL are currently of interest for the study of associations of diet and chronic disease including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cance...

BACKGROUND Results of 6-wk studies suggest that high-carbohydrate diets are deleterious for people with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to see whether long-term replacement of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with carbohydrate from breakfast cereals with either a high or a low glycemic index (GI) affected blood glucose and lipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes. DES...

Previous studies have provided limited evidence for a harmful effect of high glycemic index and dietary glycemic load on cancer. The authors analyzed associations among glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of cancer in women and men in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Published glycemic index values were assigned to 225 foods/food groups. Glycemic load was calcul...

A diet with a high glycemic index (GI) is associated with an elevated risk for obesity or type 2 diabetes. We investigated the GI of a newly-developed fiber enriched cookie and characterized the microstructure of ingredients used. In a study with 26 non-diabetic healthy volunteers it was shown that the fiber enriched cookie has a GI of 58.9 in relation to white bread as reference. Using a conve...

There is controversy regarding the clinical utility ofclassifying foods according to their glycemic responses by using the glycemic index (GI). Part ofthe controversy is due to methodologic variables that can markedly affect the interpretation ofglycemic responses and the GI values obtained. Recent studies support the clinical utility of the GI. Within limits determined by the expected GI diffe...

Objective The aim of this study was to verify the effects of glycemic index (GI) on body composition, and on inflammatory and metabolic markers concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects and methods In this randomized controlled parallel trial, twenty subjects (aged 42.4 ± 5.1 years, BMI 29.2 ± 4.8 kg.m-2) were allocated to low GI (LGI) (n = 10) or high GI (HGI) (n = 10) groups...

PURPOSE Epidemiologic data indicate that people who consume low glycemic index (GI) diets are at reduced risk for the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The authors sought corroboration of this observation in an animal model. METHODS Five- and 16-month-old C57BL/6 mice were fed high or low GI diets until they were 17 and 23.5 months of age, respectively. Retinal ...