15 There is lack of evidence on the differential impact of maternal macronutrient consumption: 16 carbohydrates (CHO), fats and protein on birthweight. We investigated the association between 17 maternal dietary macronutrient intakes and their sub-components such as saccharides and fatty acids 18 and birthweight. This analyses included 1,196 women with singleton pregnancies who were part of 19 ...

The negative effects of very low birthweight on intellectual development have been well documented, and more recently this effect has been shown to generalize to birthweights within the normal range. In this study we investigate the etiology of this relationship by using a classical twin design to disentangle the contributions of genes and environment. A previous Dutch study (Boomsma et al., 20...

Two hundred full-term pregnant mothers with no complication of pregnancy and no associated disease selected from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre were studied for their nutritional status and other characteristics. The effect of these factors on birthweight of their new-born was determined. Total calorie intake per capita per day was low being 1913. The mean birthweight was 2.9kg, 26% weighed...

Twins compared with singletons and monozygous (MZ) compared with dizygous (DZ) twins are at increased risk of fetal and infant death, cerebral palsy and many congenital anomalies. The aim of this study is to investigate whether zygosity is a risk factor for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Birth registration data and draft infant death certificates for all multiple births in England and...

CONTEXT Recent advances in neonatology have influenced the incidence and severity of ROP in a dichotomous fashion. AIMS To determine the incidence of ROP and to analyse its risk factors. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Prospective clinical case series. MATERIALS AND METHODS 282 preterm infants with birthweight < 1500 g and/or gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and also those with gestational age > 32 weeks, ...

OBJECTIVE To examine direct and mediated effects of maternal IQ, marital status, family income, and quality of the home environment on the cognitive development of low birthweight infants. METHODS Secondary analyses on a large dataset using hierarchical regression identified factors correlated with cognitive outcomes in children at 3 years of age who were born at low birthweight. RESULTS Ma...

BACKGROUND Low birthweight has been shown to predict behavioural problems in children. Less is known about the effect of birthweight, and how this may interact with the social environment in determining behaviour in a general population sample. We have examined the relationship between birthweight and social factors on childhood psychological well-being. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of da...

We use data on monozygotic twins to obtain improved estimates of the effect of intrauterine nutrient intake on adult health and earnings and thus to evaluate the efŽ cacy of programs aimed at increasing birthweight. We use the results to evaluate the bias in cross-sectional estimates and to assess the proposition that health conditions play a major role in determining the world distribution of ...

At the Birmingham Maternity Hospital the mean cost of caring for surviving infants who require neonatal intensive care ranges from approximately pounds 2500 (for infants above 1500 g birthweight), to pounds 5500 (for infants 1000 to 1499 g birthweight), to pounds 10 000 (for infants less than 1000 g birthweight). The mean cost of caring for non-survivors is pounds 1000 or less, with little diff...

Eighty four very low birthweight babies (considered high risk for developing necrotising enterocolitis) were given vancomycin orally for 48 hours before introduction of oral feeds; one developed necrotising enterocolitis. One hundred and twenty very low birthweight babies (not considered such high risk) were fed without first receiving vancomycin; 17 developed necrotising enterocolitis. Althoug...