background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...

Introduction: The accuracy of analyzing Functional MRI (fMRI) data is usually decreases in the presence of noise and artifact sources. A common solution in for analyzing fMRI data having high noise is to use suitable preprocessing methods with the aim of data denoising. Some effects of preprocessing methods on the parametric methods such as general linear model (GLM) have previously been evalua...

Little is known about early life diet as a risk factor for early-onset persistent conduct problems (EOP CP). To investigate this, we used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK-based prospective epidemiological birth cohort. 5727 mother-child pairs (49.9 % boys) monitored since pregnancy (delivery date between 1 April, 1991 and 31 December, 1992) reported intake of ...

dactylogyrus spp. are monogenean worms found mostly as ectoparasites on the gills of several fish species, including carp and goldfish. these parasites are commonly detected by microscopic analysis of the gill lamellae, but this is time-consuming and technically difficult. in contrast to this conventional method, molecular techniques provide specific, sensitive and safe detection of parasites. ...

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract and associated organs are some of the most metabolically active tissues in an animal. Hence, when facing food shortages or poor food quality, an animal may reduce the size and function of their GI tract to conserve energy. We investigated the effects of prolonged starvation and varying food quality on the structure and function of the GI tract in a detritivorous ...