Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant agent is used as one of the analgesic drugs in different kinds of pain. In the present study the effect of local (subcutaneous) injection of amitriptyline (50 and 100 µg) on the acute and chronic pain using formalin test, was investigated. Our data show that local injection of amitriptyline to the paw receiving formalin, causes a decrease in pain in bot...

The absolute, average, and differential phase shifts that p- and s-polarized light experience in total internal reflection (TIR) at the planar interface between two transparent media are considered as functions of the angle of incidence phi. Special angles at which quarter-wave phase shifts are achieved are determined as functions of the relative refractive index N. When the average phase shift...

Scanning Impedance Microscopy (SIM) is one of the novel scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, which has been developed to taking image from sample surface, providing quantitative information with high lateral resolution on the interface capacitance, and investigating the local capacitance–voltage (C–V) behavior of the interface and AC transport properties. The SIM is an ordinary AFM equip...

The static shape of drop under electrowetting actuation is well studied and recent electrowetting theory and experiments confirm that the local contact angle (microscopic angle) is unaffected while the apparent contact angle (macroscopic angle) is characterized by the Lippmann-Young equation. On the other hand, the evolution of the drop motion under electrowetting actuation has received less at...

Myocardial electrical impedance is a biophysical property of the heart that is influenced by the intrinsic structural characteristics of the tissue. Therefore, the structural derangements elicited in a chronic myocardial infarction should cause specific changes in the local systolic-diastolic myocardial impedance, but this is not known. This study aimed to characterize the local changes of syst...

Scanning Impedance Microscopy (SIM) is one of the novel scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, which has been developed to taking image from sample surface, providing quantitative information with high lateral resolution on the interface capacitance, and investigating the local capacitance–voltage (C–V) behavior of the interface and AC transport properties. The SIM is an ordinary AFM equip...

We obtain the adiabatic Berry phase by defining a generalised gauge potential whose line integral gives the phase holonomy for arbitrary evolutions of parameters. Keeping in mind that for classical integrable systems it is hardly clear how to obtain open-path Hannay angle, we establish a connection between the open-path Berry phase and Hannay angle by using the parametrised coherent state appro...