extended abstract 1. introduction rural development programs are considered as parts of national development and economical programs in different countries to achieve a sustainable and all-embracing development. the collaboration of private sector and local communities with government for implementing the projects, especially when they, themselves, are investing, increase the success rate of th...

The important of the demographic dividend to East Asian economic growth is now widely recognized. During the last four decades of the 20 Century the working age populations grew much more rapidly than the dependent populations fueling growth in per capita income. Over the coming decades, however, demographic change is seemingly unfavorable. In the coming decades the working-age populations of m...

In earlier debates on economic development, the agricultural sector’s role was somewhat controversial. While dualistic models highlighted the importance of agriculture, the mainstream literature placed a greater emphasis on the creation of a modern industrial sector. Soon agriculture disappeared from the mainstream development literature to re-emerge recently with a variety of multiple-sector g...

introduction today exploiting the participation and the abilities of local people, particularly rural population, toward rural development has been considered as one of the effective strategies toward sustainable and comprehensive development of rural areas. the most important tool to achieve this goal is establishing ngos based on the needs as well as abilities of different groups living in th...

The main objective of this research was to develop a methodology based on Drury’s [1] intermittent illumination model to directly measure individuals’ corrective reaction times, without the two methodology-related issues of Lin & Drury [2]. Six highly-practiced participants performed self-paced circular tracking tasks by using a modified LED monitor in a darkened room. While performing movement...