The term fetus papyraceus is used to describe a mummified fetus associated with multiple gestations where one fetus dies and is flattened between the membranes of living fetus and uterine wall. Though the maternal and fetal complications in affected cases can be severe, we report of two cases of fetus papyraceus managed conservatively without any complications. Successful outcome is related to ...

An electrical current passing through a living plant flows partly through the cell wall and partly through the protoplasm. The relative amounts of these two portions of the current can be calculated. The outcome of such calculations shows that the conclusions drawn from the study of the resistance of the tissue as a whole apply also to the resistance of the protoplasm, and consequently to the p...

A direct current bridge with vacuum tube detector is described for measuring the resistance of living cells. Methods for evaluating the surface of contact with the protoplasm, and the leakage around the cell wall, allow us to calculate the effective resistance of the protoplasm. In Valonia ventricosa this is usually at least 10,000 ohms per square centimeter and is often much higher. This is in...

Fungal pathogens almost invariably trigger cell wall-associated defense responses, such as extracellular hydrogen peroxide generation and callose deposition, when they attempt to penetrate either resistant or susceptible plant cells. In the current study, we provide evidence that the expression of these defenses is dependent on adhesion between the plant cell wall and the plasma membrane. Pepti...

background some sonographic positions for detection of abdominal wall hernias needed .in this paper we described the sonographic technique of abdominal wall hernia. methods from june 2013 to july 2016, three hundred seventy four patients referred in our department for evaluation of abdominal wall hernia (median age, 38 years; range 2 - 86 years). one hundred and ninety patients had abdominal he...