This paper analyses the reasons of the export growth for the Shandong agricultural products which can be attributed to the Shandong agricultural export enterprises’ efforts and Shandong provincial government’s strong supports. Though Shandong agricultural products exports achieved a big success all over the China, there are still some internal problems and external constraints that hinder its f...

This paper examines how nominal uncertainty affects the choice firms face to serve a foreign market through exports or to produce abroad as a multinational. I develop a two-country, stochastic general equilibrium model in which firms make production and pricing decisions in advance, and I consider its implications for the relative attractiveness of exporting and multinational production. I find...

The aim of this study is to the long run relationship among Foreign Direct Investment, Trade (Imports & Exports) and Economic growth for Pakistan. The co-integrating VAR framework is used to find the relationship over the period of 1965 to 2005. The results show that there are two long run relationships exist between GDP, Imports and Exports and FDI. First long run relationship shows that both ...

The paper undertakes a detailed analysis of Revealed Comparative Advantage of the exports of Rwanda. The objective of the research is to understand the Rwanda’s pattern of trade; to identify a change in this pattern over the period of study; in support of the policies and strategies, to identify areas for improvement. Rwanda is primarily an agrarian economy where people have been dependent on c...

[1] The regulation of the spatial and seasonal variation in terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exports was studied in a 68 km boreal stream system in northern Sweden. A total of 1213 DOC samples were collected in 15 subcatchments over a 3 year period (2003–2005). The mean annual DOC exports from the 15 subcatchments (0.03–21.72 km) ranged from 14.8 to 99.1 kg ha 1 yr . Many catchment ch...

Abstract This paper proposes methods to incorporate firm heterogeneity in the standard IO-table based approach to portray the domestic segment of global value chains in a country. Using Chinese firm census data for both manufacturing and service sectors, along with constrained optimization techniques, we split the conventional IO table into sub-accounts, which are used to estimate direct and in...

The use of pelletized poultry litter (PPL) as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers is increasingly being encouraged in states like Delaware which have a considerable surplus of poultry litter. However, we know very little about the impacts of PPL on runoff water quality and whether it is an environmentally-sound and sustainable alternative to inorganic fertilizer. To address these questions w...

Background Alpacas (Vicugna pacos), earlier named Lama pacos, belong to the family Camelidae of which there are 7 living species. Four are native to South America and of those four two are domestic species, the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and the llama (Lama glama) and two are wild, the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) and the guanaco (Lama guanicoe). These species are often referred to as the New World cam...

It has been argued that Africa will not be able to export manufactures as it lacks the necessary skills. Without an ability to export there will only be an incentive to invest in the sector if domestic demand grows rapidly. Comparative data for four African countries the Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya and Zimbabwe shows that in the early 1990s investment in manufacturing remained very low. The micro ev...