Background and purpose: Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of urinary tract. Abdominal colic pain, nausea and vomiting, and hematuria are the major clinical complains. Renal stones may obstruct urinary tract, and then damage the kidney. Medical treatment, removing the stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous lithotripsy, and ureteroscopic lithotripsy are common...
