The increasing use of fuels derived from oil, deepens concern about the fact that non-fossil fuels have to be considered as the fuels of the future. Among the alternatives, hydrogen produced from the abundant sources of water, seems to be one of the best, but it suffers drawbacks with regard to combustion, storage and transportation. The other alternatives are ammonia, produced from unlimited s...

Gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel is regarded as a promising alternative diesel fuel. It can be used either directly as a diesel fuel or in blends with petroleum-derived diesel or biodiesel. This study investigated the fuel properties, engine performance and exhaust emissions of B5 diesel, GTL fuel and their blends. The main fuel properties of the blended fuels showed a linear variation with the fractio...

We analyze the controllability and observability (C/O) of the liquid water distribution in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using a one-dimensional channel-to-channel unit fuel cell model. This modeling domain is sufficient to illustrate the control objectives and analysis techniques but requires further development for stack level modeling. A co...

Flashing or thermodynamic breakup of a liquid jet occurs when a pressurized subcooled or saturated liquid is released to a lower pressure, resulting in violent vapor nucleation, expansion, and break up of the liquid phase. Flashing is known to produce very fine droplet atomization, often not possible by traditional mechanical means. In this work, flashing atomization is introduced in a spray bu...

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