OBJECTIVES Structured association tests (SAT), like any statistical model, assumes that all variables are measured without error. Measurement error can bias parameter estimates and confound residual variance in linear models. It has been shown that admixture estimates can be contaminated with measurement error causing SAT models to suffer from the same afflictions. Multiple imputation (MI) is p...

In order to expand a formal linearization method on designing an observer for nonlinear dynamic and measurement systems, we exploit the discrete Fourier expansion that can reduce computational complexity. A nonlinear multidimensional dynamic system is considered by a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, and a measurement equation is done by a nonlinear equation. Defining a linearization fu...

This paper presents the central finite-dimensional H∞ filters for linear systems with state and measurement delays, that are suboptimal for a given threshold γ with respect to a modified Bolza-Meyer quadratic criterion including the attenuation control term with the opposite sign. The paper first presents the central suboptimal H∞ filter for linear systems with state and measurement delays, whi...

study of economic efficiency is of particular significance in evaluation of the public sector of the economy. there two alternative critorias for the measurement of efficiency: namely ratio analysis, and frontier 'analysis. the first criteria takes the ratio of inputs as compared to the outputs. the second criteria, however.first attempts to stablisb the product and cost efficiency frontie...

The Laplace approximation is applied to measurement error models when the likelihood function involves high dimensional integrals. The cases considered are generalized linear models with multiple covariates measured with error and generalized linear mixed models with measurement error in the covariates. The asymptotic order of the approximation and the asymptotic properties of the Laplace-based...

a crack depth in mm, same as x â measurement system response, 1 – R– A(x) system model for evolving crack depth x A(n) linearised system model at measurement set n B(x) measurement model giving normalised energy ratio R– as a function of crack depth x B(n) linearised measurement model at measurement set n B(R) inverse measurement model giving crack depth x as a function of normalised energy rat...

Linear measurement includes the measurement of lengths, diameters, heights and thickness. The basic principle of linear measurement (mechanical type) is that of comparison with standard dimensions on a suitably engraved instrument or device. Linear measuring instruments are categorized depending upon their accuracy. The two categories are non-precision instruments and precision instruments. Non...

statement of the problem in order to replace lost tooth of patients, we use dental implants which are common. therefore, accurate measuring of bone height and width before placing implants is necessary. the aim of this study is evaluating the accuracy of linear and spiral tomography in careful determination of implant site sizes in comparison with gold standard (cbct). material and methods this...

background: in many clinical situations, knowledge of central venous pressure (cvp) is important.  measurement of cvp is not always possible.   objective: to determine if intraocular pressure (iop) can be used as an estimate for cvp.   methods: iop and cvp were measured concurrently in 30 candidates of coronary artery bypass graft surgery.  those with carotid artery or jugular venous diseases a...

The rank and regression rank score tests of linear hypothesis in the linear regressionmodel are modified for measurement error models. The modified tests are still distribution free. Some tests of linear subhypotheses are invariant to the nuisance parameter, others are based on the aligned ranks using the R-estimators. The asymptotic relative efficiencies of tests with respect to tests in model...