The lattice Boltzmann equation describes the evolution of the velocity distribution function on a lattice in a manner that macroscopic fluid dynamical behavior is recovered. Although the equation is a derivative of lattice gas automata, it may be interpreted as a Lagrangian finite-difference method for the numerical simulation of the discrete-velocity Boltzmann equation that makes use of a BGK ...

A novel multiple-airlifting membrane bioreactor is built with four sintered stainless steel tubular filters as the risers and downcomers. This work investigates the hydrodynamics including gas holdup, liquid velocity, liquid circulation and mixing times by aerating different number of risers (one to three) at superficial gas velocities of 0.02–0.07m/s The mass transfer phenomena, including oxyg...

A freely cooling granular gas with a velocity-dependent restitution coefficient is studied in one dimension. The restitution coefficient becomes near elastic when the relative velocity of the colliding particles is less than a velocity scale delta . Different statistical quantities, namely, density distribution, occupied and empty cluster length distributions, and spatial density and velocity c...

in this work, response surface methodology (rsm) and artificial neural network (ann) were used to predict the decolorization efficiency of reactive red 33 (rr 33) by o3/uv process in a bubble column reactor. the effects of four independent variables including time (20-60 min), superficial gas velocity (0.06-0.18 cm/s), initial concentration of dye (50-150 ppm) and ph (3-11) were investigated us...

We present the results of linear analysis and two-dimensional local magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the Parker instability, including the effects of cosmic rays (CRs), in magnetized gas disks (galactic disks). As an unperturbed state for both the linear analysis and the MHD simulations, we adopted an equilibrium model of a magnetized two-temperature layered disk with constant gravitati...

Experimental data collected from different plate-type electrostatic precipitators used in a thermoelectric power plant has been analyzed. The following parameters were considered: the collection efficiency, average migration velocity of dust particles, velocity distribution of the gas in the input and output channels of precipitators. The average migration velocity of dust particles can be esti...

The general form of Maxwell’s velocity slip boundary condition for rarefied gas flows depends on both the geometry of the surface and the constitutive relations used to relate the viscous stress to rate of strain. The dependence on geometry is often overlooked in current rarefied flow calculations, and the generality of the constitutive dependence means the condition can also be usefully applie...

We apply a recently developed formalism to study the evolution of current-carrying string network under simple but generic assumption linear equation state. demonstrate that existence scaling solution with nontrivial current depends on expansion rate Universe, initial root-mean-square string, and available energy-loss mechanisms. find fast after radiation-matter equality will tend rapidly dilut...