Introduction: Radiation therapy is one of the major modalities that have long been used in cancer treatment. Radiotherapy is often accompanied by early and late toxicity and side effects and narrow therapeutic window. Similarity in radiation absorption properties of tumors and neighboring healthy tissues is often the reason for low specificity of radiation therapy. Development ...

introduction hadron-therapy is an effective technique used to treat tumors that are located between or nearby vital organs. the italian national center of oncological hadron-therapy (cnao) has been realized as the first facility in italy to treat very difficult tumors with protons and carbon ions. the on-line monitor system for cnao has been developed by the department of physics of the univers...

We consider a set X of n points in the plane, not all in a line, and the set of lines L spanned by X, where we say that a line is spanned by X if it passes through at least two elements of X. For a point P of X, we denote by t(P ) the number of lines in L which are incident to P , and call it the incident-line-number of P . We define t(X) to be MaxP∈Xt(P ), and call it the maximum incident-line...

In Quarterly Progress Report No. 56 (pages 104-107) some preliminary measurements performed on an elementary X-line were presented. Detailed measurements have been made on several variations of this structure to ascertain the factors that determine the edges of the lowest passband. The X-lines that were tested were made from obstacles like that shown in Fig. VI-1, separated by hollow cylindrica...