introduction: transtibial amputation is the most common amputation in lower limbs. volume loss of residual limb occurs during daily use of prostheses, which results in pistoning between residual limb and prosthetic socket. the goal of this study was to design and fabricate a pneumatic suspension system in transtibial supracondylar prostheses and to evaluate its effect on residual limb pistoning...

Purpose: Microgravity causes major changes in various systems of the body in space, such as shift in cerebrospinal fluid, decreased red blood cells count, and electrolyte loss. These complications are very important in space and we should find new approaches to prevent the side effects of microgravity in astronauts. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 21 adult ma...

background activities of daily living (adl) are an important indicator of health and independence in the elderly. it provides useful information for proper planning in the field of elderly care. trauma in the elderly population is frequent and negatively affects the independence in adl. objectives the purpose of the present study was to evaluate elderly independence in activities of daily livin...

background activities of daily living (adl) are an important indicator of health and independence in elderly. it provides useful information for proper planning in the field of elderly care. trauma in elderly population is frequent and can negatively affect the independence in adl. objectives the purpose of the present study was to evaluate elderly independence in activities of daily living (ad...

it is more than a decade since scientists are making use of sympathetic skin response (ssr) as a clinical and research method to evaluate sympathetic nervous system. a major portion of the efferent pathway of this response is composed of non-myelinated nerves. thus, the latency of the response may be significantly different in normal individuals with different height and limb lengths. this stud...

CONTEXT The curveball is regarded by many as a potential risk factor for injury in youth baseball pitchers. OBJECTIVE To critically evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the curveball and its impact on pitching biomechanics and the overall risk of arm injuries in baseball pitchers. STUDY TYPE Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA SOURCES Ovid MEDLINE from 1946 to 2012....

Urbanization is an increasingly important dimension of global change, and urban areas likely impose significant natural selection on the species that reside within them. Although many species of plants and animals can survive in urban areas, so far relatively little research has investigated whether such populations have adapted (in an evolutionary sense) to their newfound milieu. Even less of ...

Indocyanine green angiography (SPY) was used to guide arterial selection for an anterolateral thigh free flap in the setting of severe peripheral vascular disease. SPY technology serves as a novel and sensitive intraoperative tool to predict decreased tissue perfusion from vessel sacrifice for flap harvest. Change in SPY time parameters measuring superficial blood flow distal to the donor site ...

The so-called multi-articular musculotendons couple torque production across joints because they cross several degrees-offreedom (DOFs) of a limb. There is much debate on whether the function and control differs for monoand bi-articular musculotendons [4]. To expand this dialogue, I highlight some biomechanical aspects of multi-articular finger musclotendons. I conclude it is useful to consider...

In this paper, we discuss a current attempt at applying the organizational principle Edelman calls Neuronal Group Selection to the control of a real, two-link robotic manipulator. We begin by motivating the need for an alternative to the position-control paradigm of classical robotics, and suggest that a possible avenue is to look at the primitive animal limb 'neurologically ballistic' control ...