Likert, Likert-type, and ordinal-scale responses are very popular psychometric item scoring schemes for attempting to quantify people's opinions, interests, or perceived efficacy of an intervention and are used extensively in Physical Education and Exercise Science research. However, these numbered measures are generally considered ordinal and violate some statistical assumptions needed to eval...

This article highlights the theoretical differences between the Likert and Thurstone approaches to attitude measurement and demonstrates how such differences can lead to discrepant attitude estimates for individuals with the most extreme opinions. Both simulated data and real data on attitude toward abortion are used to demonstrate this discrepancy. The results suggest that attitude researchers...

Objectives: There is an increasing need for a larger and better trained workforce in medical informatics. The goal of the American Medical Informatics Association 10×10 program is to educate 10,000 clinicians in medical informatics by the year 2010. Methods: We adapted an on-line introductory graduate course toward this goal. It was evaluated using Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Results...

Emotional Reaction (five-point Likert scale ranging from " Not at all " to " A great deal ") Indicate the extent to which you experienced each of the following emotion when the introduction of [system name] was announced: Mean St. dev. Adaptation Behaviors (seven-point Likert scale ranging from " Never " to " Many times a day ") Indicate the extent to which you performed each of the behaviors b...

How Likert type measurement scales should be appropriately used and analysed has been debated for over 50 years, often to the great confusion of students, practitioners, allied health researchers and educators. Basically, there are two major competing views that have evolved somewhat independently of one another and of the associated empirical research literature on this ‘great debate’. Most re...

The objective of the article is the comparative analysis of Likert rating scale based on the following range of response categories, i.e. 5, 7, 9 and 11 in context of the appropriate process of factors extraction in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The problem addressed in the article is related primarily to the methodological aspects, both in selection of the optimal number of response categ...