The expression ‘social stratification’ refers to the positions held by individuals and groups in the structures of inequality existing in a society. Specifically, it denotes the classification of individuals and groups into different categories on the basis of the amount of one or more privileges enjoyed by the members of each category and/or the intensity of power that they are able to exert o...

An influential body of psychological and anthropological theories holds that societies exhibit heterogeneous cooperation systems that differ both in their level of in-group favoritism and in the tools that they employ to enforce cooperative behavior. According to some of these theories, entire bundles of functional psychological adaptations – religious beliefs, moral values, negative reciprocit...

in this study, the notions of homelessness and unhomeliness are studied in 2 novels by naipaul: half a life (2001) and magic seeds (2004). naipaul has been viewed by many postcolonial critics as an imperially complicit writer, for his controversial views of places and societies, particularly his disdain for non-western societies. this study examines whether the imperatives of the postcolonial c...

Pregnancy complications are poorly represented in the archeological record, despite their importance in contemporary and ancient societies. While excavating a Byzantine cemetery in Troy, we discovered calcified abscesses among a woman's remains. Scanning electron microscopy of the tissue revealed 'ghost cells', resulting from dystrophic calcification, which preserved ancient maternal, fetal and...

recent increased islamic awakening in many muslim societies, have given a momentum to rise of contextual necessity for islamic culture. as religion and way of life, islam framed in city. city morphology according to islamic ideology has brought interest to the discussion among the specialists and professionals involved in muslim world for many decades, particularly in iran. this goal can be ach...

A strong positive relationship between reproductive success (offspring count) and status (position in the institutional hierarchy) is demonstrated in a contemporary sample of male university employees (n 1⁄4 2693). Male academics in leading positions have more children than do other male employees. In female university employees (n 1⁄4 2073), a negative relationship between status and reproduct...

Sociobiology is the scientific study of the biological bases of social behavior among animals, including humans. The new field of evolutionary sociology is the product of recent efforts by sociologists to integrate sociobiological reasoning into their theoretical thinking and empirical research. Evolutionary sociologists reject the Standard Social Science Model of human nature and human social ...

"This paper examines the middleman minority characteristics of Korean immigrants in the United States. Like middleman groups in other societies, Korean immigrants in the United States are heavily concentrated in small business. A large proportion of Korean-owned businesses distribute merchandise to minority customers on behalf of large corporations. Korean merchants, like other middleman gro...