The insulin receptor (IR) and the type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) are homologous multidomain proteins that bind insulin and IGF with differing specificity. Here we report the crystal structure of the first three domains (L1-CR-L2) of human IR at 2.3 A resolution and compare it with the previously determined structure of the corresponding fragment of IGF1R. The most important ...

In silico designed peptides showed high binding affinity towards activated human hepatic stellate cells, offering new strategies to target insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor in fibrotic liver and suggesting a potential for noninvasive diagnosis.

human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (her-2) as a new prognostic and predictive factor has been believed as an essential measurement in breast carcinoma. about 280 articles were reviewed and 115 were referred in this review article on her-2. her-2 is an oncoprotein epidermal growth factor receptor produced by a so-called cell surface oncogene. overexpression results in aggressive behavior, ...

introduction  insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) which is produced in abundance in the normal adult liver, is deeply involved in hepatocyte survival, growth, and differentiation during liver development. igf-i plays the roles via the receptor (igf-ir) signaling pathway. igf-ir unlike igf-i is expressed strongly in the developing liver, but much more weakly in adults. objective:  we hypothesiz...

Breast cancer models of acquired tamoxifen resistance, oestrogen receptor (ER)+ /ER- de novo resistance and gene transfer studies cumulatively demonstrate the increased importance of growth factor receptor signalling, notably the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2, in tamoxifen resistance. Our recent in vitro studies also suggest that EGFR signalling productively cross-talks with insu...