Plasma-facing materials (PFMs) in the ITER divertor will be exposed to severe conditions, including exposure transient heat loads from edge-localized modes (ELMs) and plasma particles neutrons. Tungsten is material chosen as PFM for divertor. In previous tests, bubble formation ITER-grade tungsten was detected when fusion relevant conditions. For this study, simultaneous ELM-like D/He (6%) line...

We report the first experimental realization of a three-dimensional thermal cloak shielding an air bubble in a bulk metal without disturbing the external conductive thermal flux. The cloak is made of a thin layer of homogeneous and isotropic material with specially designed three-dimensional manufacturing. The cloak's thickness is 100  μm while the cloaked air bubble has a diameter of 1 cm, ach...

"Air-seeding" is a proposed mechanism for the initiation of water stress embolism in dead plant cells. During air-seeding, external air is drawn into the lumen of a dead plant cell through a pore or crack in the cell wall. The resulting bubble may expand to fill the lumen, thus embolizing the cell. The data presented confirm that Sphagnum hyalocysts can embolize by air-seeding when the pressure...

The generation, measurement, and applied technologies of so-called nanobubbles or ultra-fine bubbles, with diameter ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers, are evolving dramatically in recent years. The unique properties of nanobubbles makes them attractive for a number of applications such as facility cleaning, food disinfection, and water treatment, as well as possibilities in fields suc...

In this paper we study the mass transfer process of ozone dissolution in a bubble plume inside a rectangular water tank, as a model problem for a water purification system. The effect of bubble diameter and plume structure on mass transfer efficiency of ozone in bubble plumes is investigated numerically. In order to capture the detailed plume structure, interaction between liquid and bubbles is...

Abstract Numerical simulation of the motion a Taylor gas bubble in heated small-diameter tube is carried out. Two models are used to describe dependence surface tension on temperature. In first model, decreases with temperature, and second, it increases, which corresponds pure water an aqueous surfactant solution. It shown that derivative sign affects thickness liquid film around bubble.

The effect of surface roughness on nucleate boiling heat transfer is not clearly understood. This study is devised to conduct detailed heat transfer and bubble measurements during boiling on a heater surface with controlled roughness. This second of two companion papers presents an analysis of heat transfer and bubble ebullition in nucleate boiling with new measures of surface roughness: area r...

Bubble rising phenomenon is widely found in many engineering applications including stream generators in power plants. Many experimental and numerical researches have been performed to predict the dynamic behavior of the bubble rising process. Most simulations so far have focused on evolution behavior of the rising bubble itself. Rising bubbles could penetrate through the top free surface which...

From the viewpoint of safety, non-viral vector systems represent an attractive gene delivery system for gene therapy. However, the transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors in vivo is generally very low. Previously, it was reported that microbubbles, utilized as imaging agents for diagnostic echocardiography, could promote gene delivery into cells when combined with ultrasound exposure. We t...