Although a variety of supertree methods has been proposed, our understanding of these methods is limited. In turn, this limits the potential for biologists who seek to construct supertrees to make informed choices among the available methods. In this chapter we distinguish between supertree methods that offer a conservative synthesis of the relationships that are agreed upon or uncontradicted b...

The article defends four broad theses: that repentance is the intrinsically appropriate response to moral wrongdoing (Part II); that legal punishment may seek to facilitate repentance and, when repentance is in evidence prior to the completion of a justified punishment, that it can be a legitimate ground for the merciful reduction of the offender’s sentence (Part III); that according repentance...

Students’ employability has long been a challenging issue for many liberal arts colleges and universities. There has been widespread recognition recently that liberal arts students are highly valued as employees. But there is also a public perception that liberal arts students may not be well equipped to face the challenges of employment in the information age. This study is a collaborative eff...

A presente resenha tem como objetivo discutir o livro ‘O progressista de ontem e do amanhã’, escrito por Mark Lilla, professor da Universidade Columbia, Estados Unidos. Nele, autor avalia que os liberais progressistas abdicaram disputar imaginário dos norte-americanos. Ele sustenta a tese envolvimento com política identitária reforçou individualismo, afastando-os ao mesmo tempo disputa eleitora...

The received view holds that there is a significant divide between full-blown representational states and so called ‘detectors’, which are mechanisms set off by specific stimuli trigger particular effect. main goal of this paper to defend the idea many detectors genuine representations, I call ‘Strong Liberal Representationalism’. More precisely, argue ascribing semantic properties them contrib...

In social science there often exists several plausible theories to explain actions, and hence several models which researchers can use in their empirical work. Researchers Barbieri (1996, 1998) and Oneal and Russett (1999) using different measures of trade interdependence (models) have come to disparate conclusions with respect to trade's effect on conflict. Each of their inferences is based on...

Using democracy in empirical work requires accurate measurement. Yet, most policy and academic research presupposes the accuracy of available measures. This article explores judgespecific measurement errors in cross-national indicators of liberal democracy. The authors evaluate the magnitude of these errors in widely used measures of democracy and determine whether their results replicate durin...

The rapid development of the undergraduate major in public health over the past 15 years has led to a debate about the most appropriate framing for the degree. Should it be viewed as a liberal education degree (akin to academic disciplines such as psychology and political science) or as a professional training degree (akin to disciplines such as nursing and management)? This paper presents an o...